s Health Care Environment

China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien... 's Health Care Environment Free Essays on China\'s Health Care Environment China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien...

Ibm Case Studies Essays

Ibm Case Studies Essays Ibm Case Studies Essay Ibm Case Studies Essay IBM Global Business Services White Paper Strategy and Change Business Strategy for Cloud Providers The Case for Potential Cloud Services Providers 2 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers This is one paper of a two paper series on cloud strategy from IBM Global Business Services Abstract Cloud computing has the potential to be the next major driver of business innovation, as it promises to enable new business models and services across almost all industries, especially telecommunications, healthcare and government. For some providers, cloud delivery models will open access to new customer segments such as small business and emerging markets. And it will fundamentally change the balance of power in many existing markets. However, as with any technology-driven change, it is difficult to sort out the reality from the hype. And even when the technology is real, being able to capitalize on it with a winning strategy is difficult. Very few companies emerged as clear winners from the dot-com wave compared with the many more that failed. The same will be true of the cloud market. But for the companies that are successful, the rewards will be equally as large. This paper is focused on helping those who want to emerge as winners in the new cloud provider marketplace. We have assessed service provider business models for cloud computing by evaluating services/offerings, strategies, operations and target customers. We believe the recipe for success will require exploring all of these factors coupled with the right partnership strategy. This paper explores the following areas for cloud providers: What are the key attributes of a winning cloud provider business strategy and model? Creating a viable business model through balancing up-front investment risk and cost with profit and revenue opportunities is the key to success for cloud providers. How can partnering across the ecosystem accelerate my success? Both cloud computing and new associated ecosystems are evolving. Providers are partnering in ways that are helping them to accelerate market entry and to expand their breadth of services, which is driving new alliances in some markets. What are the implications if I do not act now? Some service providers must move to cloud delivery models in the near term to survive; others can leverage clouds to differentiate and thrive. Cloud has the potential to become the next major driver of business innovation by enabling entirely new business models across a wide range of industries. The cloud computing market will include offerings sold as a service such as business processes, software, platform, and infrastructure. And many of these cloud services will be consumed through a pay-per-usage pricing model. The cloud market is appealing to new entrants not only because of its size and growth, but also due to the business potential it brings to a company. Cloud providers benefit by accessing new customers and markets, improving their deployment times, potentially lower their costs and achieving new revenue streams. IBM Global Business Services 3 Already, companies are entering the field and the race is underway to determine who will become industry leaders through the use of new delivery models to provide enhanced or even brand new types of customer value. As with any rapidly emerging business segment, the key is to move beyond the business hype and to develop and scale a winning business model. For potential provider of cloud services, seeing through the hype can be difficult. The current opportunity and growth projections are enticing, but one first needs to develop a robust strategy to succeed as a cloud service provider. While much of the skepticism around cloud computing has subsided, some reports theorize that cloud computing will eventually fade, similar to previous evolutions in computing such as grid computing and utility computing. However, unlike previous generations of computing, cloud computing offers a distinctly new level of scalability and a new degree of business value made possible by the maturation of technologies and standards. Scalability results in a host of benefits that will make cloud computing a permanent shift in the how products and services are delivered. Many analysts and IT industry experts are bullish about cloud computing, and are forecasting robust, double-digit annual growth. The market potential for cloud computing is forecasted to be $66B1 by 2012 for software, platform and infrastructure as a service; adding business process as a service and cloud support services could push the total cloud market to well over $100B. 2 While the market size can be debated, we believe that analysts are directionally right about the significant market potential for cloud computing due to four primary reasons: Cloud’s strong value proposition for existing business users of IT. Cloud enables providers to access entirely new markets. Cloud is aligned with broader technology trends and demand. Cloud technology is real. Reality or Hype? The Real Potential of Cloud Companies in many industries are considering entering the cloud market as providers, especially in the communications services provider, government and healthcare industries. Government organizations also see the impact on cost and quality that cloud can have. But what is the true market potential, and within industry, what type of business models will generate growth and profit? Aggregate cloud opportunity for consumption and enablement is estimated to be greater than $100B in five years. 2 4 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Strong Value Proposition for Existing Business Users of IT Information technology, including infrastructure, applications, operations, maintenance or management, has become a major for large enterprises. And the demand for all types of IT is forecasted to grow as the digital and physical words become increasingly interconnected and provide the opportunity for new capabilities and services. One of cloud computing’s core benefits is reduction of IT costs. In IBM Research, the Cloud Labs research team has shown that cloud architecture can increase the IT server or other component utilization up to 75% and reduce IT labor costs by 50% or more. In addition, cloud offers new ways to shield users from the ever-growing complexity of managing an IT infrastructure. These are key benefits that potential cloud providers can deliver to their customers. Access to Entirely New Markets Cloud delivery models open up entirely new markets for companies where existing delivery models don’t facilitate access to these markets. Today’s enterprise IT model is designed for larger companies in mature markets with robust data centers and IT departments. Cloud computing provides access to enterpriselevel IT for companies, including small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and larger companies in emerging markets who otherwise could not afford to invest in enterprise-level IT. Now, these businesses can reap the benefits of a sophisticated IT model without having to invest in it themselves. Cloud computing’s flexible delivery model also makes the minimum unit of purchase more granular. Now, organizations can purchase software by the hour, rather than on a per license, or acquire server space by the size and time period, rather than per server. Cloud computing providers can capitalize on these factors contributing to growing demand for IT and start generating new revenue streams using these new delivery models. Alignment with Broad Technology Adoption Patterns Today, regulatory requirements around data security and archival are creating the need for significant data storage. Procuring, managing and securing archival systems is particularly critical in industries such as healthcare, financial services and pharmaceuticals. Looking ahead, the amount of data generated worldwide in 2012 will be nearly five times the amount generated in 2008. And the need to access, retrieve and use that data shows no sign of slowing. Cloud will become the favored medium for file and archival storage, particularly for large files that must be stored but are not regularly accessed. In healthcare, medical records are receiving billions of US dollars in public investment5 and will rapidly grow in adoption. Cloud storage will make it easier and more affordable for healthcare providers to maintain electronic records, an objective that could be otherwise unreachable for many industry providers. Cloud delivery models open up entirely new markets for companies where existing delivery models don’t facilitate access to these markets. IBM Global Business Services 5 In the entertainment industry, movie distribution has begun to benefit from the cloud. Instead of sending tapes through the mail, movie distribution houses have started to stream movies to multiplexes for projection. This protects against piracy for film producers and reduces risk for multiplex owners who can now buy streaming service on a per-show basis from distributors. Cloud Technology is Real While large and small customers across a diverse set of industries and geographies are benefiting from the technology driving cloud, only recently are standards emerging to support this technology. Cloud users value easy migration of data and applications from one cloud provider to another. Recently a new services management standards body, Open Cloud Standards Incubator (OCSI), was formed. OCSI is a group of cloud providers, and some users, who are collaborating to define interoperable standards for cloud delivery models. Cloud users, IT governance bodies and existing standards organizations must participate in the creation of these standards to ensure that vendors do not dominate the standards creation process. By embracing these standards, providers are more likely to gain credibility in the cloud ecosystem. Winning Business Models for Cloud Providers To win in the cloud market requires an innovative business strategy and business model. The strategies must reflect a rethinking of market fundamentals and truly envision new models to better serve customers. We will see a wide range of cloud business models emerge over the next few years, and most of these will likely fail. Of the ones that survive, the profitability of the business models will vary greatly. A few winning business models will maintain healthy profit margins while others will find themselves relegated to much smaller, commodity-based profit margins. Today, no one knows for certain what will be the winning model. But we do know how various models are taking shape. There are four key components that define cloud business models: Cloud Delivered Services – what you sell. Target Markets – to whom you sell it. Strategy – the overall game plan to create long-term value. Operations – how to create and deliver what you sell. Providers who encourage open standards, non-legacy technologies, easy migration and collaboration are likely to gain the most credibility. Cloud Delivered Services The first component of a cloud provider strategy is to clearly outline the service that will be offered. Most cloud enabled solutions will have four layers in their â€Å"solution stack†: Content Process and applications Integration and middleware Infrastructure and devices 6 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers A winning cloud strategy must clearly outline the competitive advantage for each layer. A single company does not have to be the owner or operator of all four solution layers. Hence, a key part of developing a cloud strategy is to define which component(s) you will provide and which components will be provided by a business partner. We expect partnershipbased business models to be the norm within the cloud market, and as a result there will be a sub-market at each layer of the solution stack. These sub-markets are commonly classified as the following: In addition to direct cloud services, there is a wide range of support cloud services and components typically offered by outside providers, such as consulting firms, but also delivered by cloud service providers themselves. These services include training and consulting. For example, SalesForce. com offers training and consulting to complement its SaaS and PaaS offerings. This category can also include suppliers of hardware components. In a few years, many large enterprises will be building or planning to build private and hybrid clouds. This will further spur demand for cloud consulting, implementation and management services. Target Markets There are many potential target markets for cloud adoption. Most current cloud providers narrow down their respective markets to some combination of the following segments: Industry or Functional Verticals among Large Enterprises. Businesss include payroll, printing and e-commerce from providers such as ADP. Software as a Service (SaaS). Deliver a standardized application running on a cloud infrastructure, with multitenancy, accessible from various client devices through a thin client nterface such as a Web browser (e. g. , web-based email). Platform as a Service (PaaS). Build and deploy new internally developed applications onto cloud infrastructure, exposing services needed to build an effective application including billing and sign-on services. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Obtain processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources as a service where the consumer is able to deploy and run elements of the stack, such as operating system s, on the infrastructure service. While currently focused more on internal cloud enablement, some large enterprises will migrate toward adopting shared cloud verticals that reduce cost or risk in areas that are important to the business, but are not key sources of differentiation, such as back office functions or regulatory compliance. For example, pharmaceutical companies could join forces via an industry vertical cloud focused on regulatory compliance to drive cost savings and efficiency. SMBs (These are abridged definitions; see the appendix for formal definitions). Many workloads offer the least pain and most significant gain for the SMB segment. Cloud providers are targeting smaller customers who can benefit from cloud’s compelling economies of scale, and who are less hindered by large, existing IT capabilities. Financial services companies have strong relationships with their customers, and could use this delivery model for business services. IBM Global Business Services 7 Emerging Markets (see sidebar) With limited resources, customers in developing markets will respond to the lower up-front investment costs and ability to scale service consumption in times of growth. For example, automotive manufacturers could use cloud to reach dealerships in distant markets. Other Cloud Providers Buying Decisions in Emerging Markets Countries who lack traditional enterprise IT model now have the opportunity to get access to enterprise-quality infrastructure and applications through a more easily accessible and affordable cloud-based consumption model. Of course, not all emerging markets are alike. Cultural differences will affect the likelihood and pace of business and IT cloud service adoption. Some cultures will quickly embrace the opportunities presented by cloud, while others, who can equally benefit from the leapfrog potential that cloud offers, will apply their risk-averse buying approach and wait for the business to drive the purchase decision. As one former Indian CIO explained to IBM, â€Å"in my culture, we don’t just want to ‘kick the tires,’ we want to drive them for 10,000 kilometers before we buy. † Despite documented benefits, a senior IT manager for another company in India said he was not in a position to push his company toward cloud until the business asked for it. This ‘prove it to me first’ mentality leads to an adoption waiting game characterized by IT understanding the economic and technical benefits of cloud, but not being in a position to drive the purchase decision. In fact, that challenge is not unique to emerging markets. Providers need to understand who the buyer (business or IT decision maker) is for their cloud services and tailor their pricing models to accommodate buyer preference to test proven models before taking perceived risks. Cloud services can serve as building blocks, where a provider sells one cloud service to another cloud provider to construct a larger service offering. IaaS providers often align with SaaS providers to jointly deliver a more comprehensive cloud service. Consumers Mobile devices, online email and other consumer services benefit from numerous new applications made available through cloud delivery models. In segmenting their customer base, cloud service providers for payroll, collaboration, sales force automation, application development and test environments are seeing opportunities in organizations of all sizes. During this early adoption period, large enterprises are embracing only a few types of public cloud-based services, instead favoring private or â€Å"in-enterprise† clouds. But demand is rising for public cloud services around HR benefits, procurement, e-commerce, data warehousing and archiving. Large enterprises are also interested in building or renting public services of ‘overflow clouds’ to be able to transition ad-hoc workloads and short term projects to a cloud environment. We are seeing that SMBs are more interested in website hosting, email, accounting, expense management and operations. Cloud computing also is more suitable for organizations with mobile workforce across multiple locations, such as global companies with offices in emerging markets. With cloud, these organizations take less time to set up and manage operations than they otherwise would have taken. 8 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Strategy Service provider strategies need to address pricing models, go-to-market approaches, business intent and value propositions, in addition to defining services and customers. Current cloud providers are capitalizing on first-mover advantage. They are delivering services, learning from their mistakes, and capturing market share along the way. Some of their success has been at the expense of traditional players who have not ventured into the cloud marketplace. For newer entrants, their value in the cloud provider ecosystem can be defined through some combination of access to customers, reliability, technology innovation, or integration efficiency. Successful providers will define their niche and stick with it. One of the defining aspects of cloud computing is pay-per-use pricing models. However, variations are possible within this basic tenet of cloud. For example, some providers will find that their brand and reputation will allow them to price based on value delivered from their services, rather than purely based on hourly usage rates. The challenge is determining how to measure this value and how to capture that value through pricing. Another alternative is to offer tiered pricing based on volume of services consumed, with â€Å"unlimited† possible as the largest available unit. Strategic customers will command better pricing and higher levels of service. Some cloud providers are offering cloud-based services directly to customers. Others are acting as enablers and integrators by providing their products and services as building blocks for other cloud service providers to then sell to their own customers. Another consideration in the go-to-market strategy is targeting the right decision maker for the particular type of service delivered. Providers should tailor their offerings and value proposition based on the target buyer. Cloud providers can deploy new services to their customers in days rather than months which will help differentiate cloud providers and get them conversations with business executives in addition to IT buyers. While most of the messaging around cloud computing today focuses on IT benefits and cost savings, the real business impact of cloud computing is what makes this delivery model transformational. Because the technology behind cloud lowers investment costs, provides ubiquitous access and minimizes the granularity of purchase units, cloud is enabling businesses to innovate and renovate in new ways. Companies can innovate by adopting new business models or renovate with lower cost service consumption models. Operations The operations component of a cloud business model includes the development of key elements needed to deliver business services via the cloud. This includes business operations and financial reporting designed to be more agile by more quickly engaging customers, tailoring services to fit customer needs, pricing for smaller units of a service, and establishing a viable financial model. The operating model of the business strategy defines the sourcing model, partnership strategy, and deployment plan for the development of these capabilities. Many providers are pursuing strategic partnerships to round out their capabilities and achieve the operational requirements associated with rapid service delivery. Alliances and partnerships are often keys to success in the cloud ecosystem. IBM Global Business Services 9 Many cloud providers will likely come and go, so clear partnership agreements are necessary to protect the relationship, mitigate risks, share the investment requirements and ensure continuity of service to customers. As the cloud ecosystem evolves, we are seeing this fragmented market converge via partnerships and eventually through mergers and acquisitions. An example of these alliances is with British Telecom and their software partners. 6 In time, we expect to see the competitive landscape evolving with more new players emerging, as others converge into larger, more integrated players. Winning Business Models Given the numerous ways providers can combine these four business model elements into their unique cloud provider strategy, selecting the optimal business model can be challenging. Certainly, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† business model. Potential cloud providers are emerging from a broad set of technology sectors, communications, media and other market segments, including device manufacturers, network providers, content distributors, IT and application outsourcing providers and more. Providers can deliver services directly to cloud users, or sell technologies or services that enable clouds to other providers. Here are some examples of provider types: Component Suppliers (providers of hardware, software or professional cloud-based services to other cloud providers) As a supplier to other cloud providers, these companies will acquire or invent new technologies. They are likely to invest in research and pursue mergers to develop new capabilities that can help to deliver differentiated cloud-enabling offerings, improve integration skills, enhance security, and reduce commoditization risk through improvements in customer service. Suppliers working on technologies supporting hybrid clouds, cloud integration and specific industry solutions are likely to be better positioned in the cloud ecosystem. Cloud-based IT Outsourcing Providers (providers of cloud-based IT infrastructure, application services and migration assistance for customers) These providers are balancing the trade off between investing in up-front expense for traditional migration rather than paying over time for cloud-based service. They can improve profitability as result of high asset utilization and lower system and application management costs. These services will be delivered by partnerships between business process outsourcing and SaaS providers. As cloud service offerings in this space mature, these providers will likely be able to deliver a better ROI to their customers than pure SaaS providers will be able to do. Business processes supported by cloud that are fairly standard from one organization to another, such as customer relationship management, payroll processing, recruitment, accounting, and personnel are likely to be adopted first by enterprise customers. SaaS Aggregators (aggregators of industry-specific or complementary SaaS offerings) These providers will earn their revenue as percentage of SaaS sales. They will target companies who look for one-stop shopping for SaaS adoption. This model supports the early movers and extensive partner support. Smaller and newer players can prosper in specific industry verticals that have unique business process and application requirements. It is important for them to aggregate complimentary solutions that make up the full solution suite. In addition to industry verticals, SaaS aggregators can focus on cross-industry or capability-oriented aggregation, or through other affinityoriented aggregation that will end up creating disruptive business models. 10 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Managed IaaS Providers (providers of IaaS and value-added services to address latency, data security, and unique company needs) These providers will have to make initial investments in infrastructure, thus revenues will build on a daily basis and profit will come over time. They can leverage differentiated pricing based on service level, customization requirements and security requirements. This business model will be somewhat price sensitive as offerings mature to industry standardization, and potentially approach commoditization. Also, local data security laws will support the larger players with multilocation data centers. Managed IaaS providers need to consider delivering value-added services to improve their profitability. They can charge premium pricing for services like local provisioning, premium data security measure, help desk, asset management, monitoring and other provisioning services. Strategic alliances are particularly important for creating more robust cloud services, as alliances aggregate different providers’ unique strengths. Delivering cloud services with complementary cloud service providers is better than single-handedly trying to create a complete, competitive cloud solution. Even large scale cloud providers such as IBM are often more effective at delivering cloud services when partnering and aligning with other cloud providers. Many of the new services and devices such as Net TV, Desktop as a Service or NetBook demonstrate how providers with complimentary capabilities can partner to bring out revolutionary ideas to market. Partnership Model: Communication Service Provider (CSP) and Multiple Niche Players for Central Government A large CSP delivering cloud services to the public sector has worked out an innovative partnership model of multiple niche Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) to provide best-of-breed solutions to a large European country’s central government. This allows ISVs to get access to large public sector clients, while strengthening the CSP’s offering. It benefits the ISVs, CSP and the customer. While this aggregation of service still faces integration and migration challenges, it delivers a powerful set of services otherwise unavailable to the central government. Numerous other provider types exist today, such as cloud professional services and consulting, and new ones will emerge over time, such as managed IaaS and PaaS providers. Partnering to Overcome Business Model Gaps Both cloud and traditional service providers can create more robust service offerings and differentiate themselves in the market through the formation of innovative strategic partnerships with other service providers. The critical success factors for these providers are lower total cost of ownership (TCO) to customers, simplicity of service, clear definition and delivery of service level agreements and availability of the necessary features to substitute traditional offerings. Identifying the right set of complementary services helps cloud providers be more effective at achieving these keys to success. For example, PaaS or IaaS providers could seek to partner with SaaS providers as a naturally complementary alliance. IBM Global Business Services 11 Partnership Model: CSP partners with a hosting provider to offer a development and test cloud for its customers Another CSP is partnering with a hosting provider to deliver a cloud-based development and testing environment. This offers scalability on a pay per use basis that helps the CSP’s customers. Similarly, IBM has a developer cloud for business partners to leverage. Partnership Model: Entertainment equipment and content providers partnering for hosted services Gaming console manufacturers are considering partnerships with game content developers to provide online games hosted on cloud. Similarly, mobile handset manufacturers are already partnering with developers from universities, small software firms and freelance developer groups to create cloud-based applications for their devices. This model provides a wider assortment of applications to consumers, while allowing developers to earn revenue through download charges without hefty investments in servers or software to develop applications. Handset manufacturers share the revenue from application download and internet usage, while also generating stronger customer loyalty. Partnership Implications We foresee other possible scenarios where unlikely cloud providers leverage their unique skills to complement the desired skill sets from other providers and missing capabilities from their own cloud portfolio, such as access to customers. One possibility could be software providers partnering with banks to leverage the trusted relationships banks already have with their small business customers. Differentiated user capabilities are critical to retaining customers who have very low switching costs between cloud providers. Providers are moving quickly to preempt the cannibalization that might otherwise be done by a competitor. Industry Plays for Providers Developing industry specific strategies are one option to help cloud providers differentiate themselves and become a leader in cloud service delivery. Many companies and organizations are looking for providers to deliver industry-specific business benefits through cloud computing to help them innovate. Some industries are seeing the benefits of cloud computing through the emergence of new business opportunities. The providers that tailor their offerings to industries at the forefront of cloud adoption, such as healthcare, government, and telecommunications, will have greater near term growth potential. The following represent industry examples of the types of value providers are delivering today. Healthcare Healthcare providers crave more consumable, easier ways to cost-effectively capture and store medical images and records. Some SaaS providers offer cloud-based solutions for thousands of physician groups to use on a pay-per-use basis. Doctors can focus on patient care while their cloud provider manages the technology behind the service delivery. Telecommunications Communications services providers are developing, or in some cases reselling, cloud capabilities for their customers, while also using cloud internally to deploy new business services in days rather than in months. Government In some emerging markets, central governments are using cloud computing to fuel economic growth for their country. For example, Wuxi software park in China is building cloud computing centers in their special economic zones to support emerging companies setting up their IT infrastructure at no initial cost. This arrangement offers Chinese software companies the ability to tap into a virtual computing environment to leapfrog their development activities. 12 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Act Now, or Wait For potential cloud providers who do not face immediate threats to their existence, the choice of waiting to enter the cloud market is viable. But for potential cloud providers facing real challenges to their business models in the near term and needing to offer their services via a cloud, the time to act is now. Understanding key adoption inhibitors for their target customers will help providers position their cloud capabilities. When evaluating whether and how to enter the cloud provider market, consider these questions: Answers to these and other key questions will help potential cloud providers see through the fog. This clarity can allow cloud providers to create a fact-based business strategy for cloud that uniquely fits their business needs. As was the case in the dot-com era, many players will come and go as the cloud ecosystem evolves. The winners will be the organizations that create the right business strategy for cloud, and then execute against their business strategy most effectively. Which cloud opportunities can enable me to make new strategic choices involving new products, new services, new partnerships, etc.? What is the cost benefit analysis for each of these opportunities? For example, revenue growth from new and existing customers weighed against capital expenditures; potential profitability vs. isk assessment, etc. What are my current capabilities relative to the services I want to offer? Should I partner, buy or build the necessary competencies for offering the desired cloud services? What should my market entry strategy be in terms of segmentation, positioning and target segments? Which pricing strategy would be most profitable? What kind of operating model should I have? How should I construct my technology roadmap for cloud services, from design and planning through execution and support? IBM Global Business Services 13 Appendix Business Process Services. 7 Any business process (for example, payroll, printing, ecommerce) delivered as a service via the Internet with access via Web-centric interfaces and exploiting Web-oriented architecture. Advertising services exploiting real-time Internet-based fulfillment are included here. Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). 8 The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e. . , web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). 8 The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-c reated or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). 8 The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e. g. , host firewalls). Authors Matt Porta VP and Global Leader for the Technology Strategy Practice in IBM Global Business Services Anthony Karimi Associate Partner in the Technology Strategy Practice in IBM Global Business Services Allison Botros Principal Managing Consultant in IBM Global Business Services Acknowledgements Special thanks to contributors including Ray Harishankar, Abhinav Kashyap, and Alex Outwater. 14 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers About IBM Global Business Services With business experts in more than 160 countries, IBM Global Business Services provides clients with deep business process and industry expertise across 17 industries, using innovation to identify, create and deliver value faster. We draw on the full breadth of IBM capabilities, standing behind our advice to help clients innovate and implement solutions designed to deliver business outcomes with far-reaching impact and sustainable results. IBM Global Business Services has cloud strategy offerings to help companies address key issues associated with entering the cloud marketplace. For more information visit: ibm. com/services/cloud References 1 WinterGreen Research, Inc. , â€Å"Worldwide Cloud Computing Market Strategies, Shares and Forecasts 2009 to 2015†, July 24, 2009. 2 Information Week Analytics, â€Å"IBM’s Cloud Computing Strategy Defined†, June 22, 2009. 3 IBM insight based on client experience, 2009. 4 IDC White Paper sponsored by EMC, â€Å"As the Economy Contracts, the Digital Universe Expands†, May 2009. 5 United States Government, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. British Telecom press release â€Å"New BT cloud accounting launch to redress SME work/life imbalance† June 26, 2009; â€Å"IBM to Deliver Software via Cloud Computing With Amazon Web Services†, IBM press release, February 11, 2009; â€Å"Salesforce. com and Google Introduce Salesforce for Google Apps First Cloud Computing Suite for Business Productivity† Google and Salesforce. com joint press release, April 14, 2008. 7 Gartner, â€Å"Forecast: Sizing the Cloud; Understanding the Opportunities in Cloud Services† by Ben Pring, Robert H. Brown, Andrew Frank, Simon Hayward and Lydia Leong, March 2009. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), US Government, Working Definition of Cloud Computing, August 2009.  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 IBM Global Services Route 100 Somers, NY 10589 U. S. A. 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Impressionist Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impressionist Art - Essay Example While other movement before Impressionism attempted to capture reality as static images, the Impressionist painters, and later the composers, tried to show the nature of reality through the fluctuation and change in light, tone and color. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a group of artists united in an attempt to create a new style and technique of art based on direct observation of reality and to a subjective impression or mood of reality. This is evident from the emotional moods that are so eloquently captured in this exhibition. Many of the paintings reveal the success of their attempts and the resulting masterpieces of Impressionism. For example, Claude Monet's Haystacks is a work that no student or lover of modern art should miss. During the 1870's Monet developed his unique technique for painting atmospheric light rendered by means of rhythmic and broken brush strokes. This painting is an example of the impressionist aim of capturing transitory nature by means of direct observation. In Haystacks (1891) Monet succeeds in creating solid geometric shapes with nuances of light and color. The presentation of light and color is one of the most beautiful things about this type of art, and demonstrates the overall beauty behind this movement. Emotion in art was not a focus; rather the atmosphere and look of the painting expressed the beauty of the picture overall. Music is another medium where the beauty behind this period truly stands out. During this time period, classical music as mostly influenced in France toward the end of the nineteenth and through the twentieth century. The focus within the music was on both atmosphere and suggestion, and not necessarily on strong emotion or the presentation of a story, generally presented in program music. Much of this music, like the art, was a reaction against Romanticism, and the focus of Impressionist music was to use a sort of dissonance as well as uncommon scales. This is comparable to the impressionist style of painting, in which, when one stands close up, one sees the dissonance of the picture. However, the dissonance and difference is what creates the general attraction and beauty in the music itself. Claude DeBussy is an example of a successful Impressionist composer. His music in The Three Nocturnes includes characteristic studies in veiled harmony and texture, creating an overall atmospher e of difference, but this difference creates a feeling of respect and beauty. The work itself is not a usual nocturne, but is given to create the impression of the effects light would suggest. This includes the motion of the clouds as well, as they fade away with the sound of the music. The background of the piece remains consistent, thus blending music into a kind of cosmic rhythm. Therefore, both the works of DeBussy and Monet present the beauty behind this time period. Although this movement had its focus on creating "impressions" of the real thing, there was a great deal of beauty and talent that went into creating those impressions. The result in the case of art is a beautiful combination and focus on light within one's visual aspect, and within music, one is able to experience the feeling and movement of life by listening to music. Therefore, both of these concepts present

Psychological Effects of Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychological Effects of Consumption - Essay Example The dynamics of consumerism in modern social life partially indicates a collapse of other narratives of progress like religious, ideological and other traditional community values which no longer occupy such a central place in the public priorities as they did a few decades before. In their absence, the only markers of progress are the relentless accumulation of market-based assets like stock market indices, property prices and disposable income. Now, even professional and educational qualifications, are subject to obsessive interest as clues to an individuals status in the society. Benjamin R Barber in his book Jihad vs. MacWorld aptly puts it by saying "Just beyond the horizon of current events lie two possible political futures-both bleak, neither democratic. The first is a retribalization of large swaths of humankind by war and bloodshed: a threatened Lebanonization of national states in which culture is pitted against culture, people against people, tribe against tribe-a Jihad in the name of a hundred narrowly conceived faiths against every kind of interdependence, every kind of artificial social cooperation and civic mutuality. The second is being borne in on us by the onrush of economic and ecological forces that demand integration and uniformity and that mesmerize the world with fast music, fast computers, and fast food-with MTV, Macintosh, and McDonald's, pressing nations into one commercially homogenous global network: one MacWorld tied together by technology, ecology, communications, and commerce. The planet is falling precipitantly apart AND coming reluctantly together at the very same moment" The growth of market freedom has not only produced mass participation in ever increasing frenzy in shopping trends; it has also fuelled the birth of new moral energies and social revolutions ranging from environmentalism to anti-sweatshop campaigns. A growing proportion of the present population would like to participate in 'ethical' consumption choices. The route to this synthesis lies in re- evaluating the basis of the self, and the practical meaning of 'choice' in the many different settings where the modern individual now has to exercise it. Hitherto, the debate has attempted to make a distinction of principle between 'consumers' and 'citizens' in order to demonstrate that consumerism is compatible with fair outcomes, or that 'citizenship' is an alternative to the market model which can provide excellent services fairly, depending on your social and financial position. Nevertheless, the distinction between consumer and citizen is seldom put to practice despite its meaningfulness. People and markets are embedded in social and civic contexts (Kay, 2003). As a result, our everyday consumption decisions are a ripple of myriad effects, not just on the price and availability of what we are consuming, but also on the public context in which we consume it. The dominant models of choice and progress currently do not allow us to evaluate individual acts of consumption for their widespread contribution to the social, public or environmental context. Choice is interpreted as a representation of expression of private freedom and fixed preferences and not as an act of participation amid imperfect information in a socially contingent setting. Likewise, the collective models of progress in which we are conditioned to believe tend

Stress in company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stress in company - Essay Example Too often, as noted by Verespej (par. 8-12), executives prefer to ignore stress because acknowledging it might create a negative view of the company. In other cases, CEOs and senior managers simply do not see that a problem exists. If stress is evident, they consider it related to the employee’s personal problems and do not feel responsible for addressing it. A major issue is the stress caused by project deadlines that do not take into consideration unexpected delays and therefore are almost impossible to meet. Employees who are allowed to evaluate a project themselves and set up a plan that takes into consideration possible delays will be able to set their own deadlines, and the project will be accomplished with a minimum of stress. Unfortunately, some managers do not want to give up their autonomy and do not allow the staff to be part of planning a project. Therefore, the staff is presented with a plan in which they have no input and are not able to suggest any changes. The company therefore misses out on any innovative ideas employees might have, and for employees who are imaginative and enthusiastic, their specific talents are suppressed, resulting in stress. Their actions are mechanical rather than creative, and if they are presented with a rigid deadline, they and the project will suffer. At the same time, managers who are expected to fulfill expectations of those above them are put in a precarious and stressful situation. The middleman becomes the scapegoat, and too often takes it out on staff members, leading to increasing frustration and stress at all levels. The ladder of managerial levels in a company tends to start at the bottom and move up, with each level of leadership answerable to the one above it. This discourages open discussion and managers find themselves without the ability to vent their concerns with other managers

Dead Poets Society Analysis

Dead Poets Society Analysis The report is a work assigned to deal with the reflection of the movie Dead Poets Society. These couples of pages are based on the organizational culture and different groupings of the boarding school in this movie. Finally evaluate culture of the school and identified group which influence each other and linked to each other. Dead Poets Society presents a representation of an English teacher that is curiously inspiring and at the same time disturbing. This is the story of students as the respected Welton Academy. The plot centers on the influence of Mr. Keating, a young and exciting English and poetry teacher who is determined to teach his students to live life with absolute passion. Mr. Keating was moved his students to a love of poetry and learning that transcends their otherwise structured and controlled academic existence. He perhaps crosses boundaries that probably should not be crossed by someone in a position of authority and respect. This movie is about what happens when these students decide to pursue their own desires and to live life with the passion that Mr. Keating encouraged. Actually it is about what happens when a few idealistic students find themselves confronted against conservative forces that resist all change including the drive for personal self- determination. Source: Carpe Diem; Lessons about Life and Management from Dead Poets Society in the Journal of Management Education, Vol. 16. The organizational style of the boarding school is very traditional, reflecting one of the most significant principles of the school, namely tradition. The idea of the campus along with typical features like the twin-bedded rooms strongly resembles college and therefore hints at where the school finally leads. As a preparatory school, the basic aim is to prepare the pupils for college in the most excellent way. One detail that contributes to this goal is the class size of 16 boys only. The background of the boys is clearly upper class. On the one hand, the school fees demand for an upper class-income. Features like clothes and speech of the boys and their family point to an upper class background. Moreover the culture of the school is closely bound to the student families. Usually, generations and generations of their forefathers have attended the school, which is why the boys automatically have to follow this tradition. The family seems to be obliged to the school both by financial support as well as by sending their sons to the school. Thus, the boys do not have any choice; their career is determined from birth. The school organizational style restricted and directed the behaviors of the boys in one path. Any demonstration of a free thought is strictly prohibited by the school authority. Self-esteem becomes one of the centers of the school. For example Neils low self-esteem reveals itself only in the relationship with Neils father, but leads Neil to his tragic end. On the other hand, Todd, with the help of Professor Keatings, was able to build up his self-esteem. John Keatings wasnt a regular professor: his teaching methods were very different from those of others in the school. The relationship between Todd and professor Keatings is quite interesting because we can see the transformation that Todd went through from being afraid to answer teachers question to being the first one to show his appreciation for Mr. Keatings when doing so could lead to expelling from the school. Considering the facts mentioned above, one can regard the boys as forming a separate society from the school organizational culture, defined by particular principles, location and background. If the emphasis in the definition of class lies on the idea of the same social position, the notion of school as a class of its own can thus be justified. SHEINS LARYERED CONCEPTUALIZATION ON DPS Basic Assumption in the school and Mr. Keatings class The school in the movie is a formally organize settings and all of the student are made to conform to this settings which are classified as tradition, honor, discipline and excellence. This formality is strictly adhered by the authorities of the school and never taking for granted. On the other hand in Mr. Keatings class, it is contrary to the laid settings of the school. He made the student to believe in their self and also walk the path of individualist. Values and Beliefs The values and beliefs in any society is the instrument that shapes individual in that society according to the movie, students are expected to be guided by the beliefs and value of the school. Every Welton students are required to trust the doctrine of the school without any defiant, these have been the normal tradition of the school since its inception. Mr. Keatings in a way did not only help his student with the values and beliefs of the school but he guided his students into an expended awareness of lifes possibilities Artifacts and Creations The school in the movies maintained its old edifice, this kind of depict conformity with the early doctrine of the school. This also explains that even with the dynamic trend in the society, the school authority still cling to the old doctrine of the school. However the style of communication or language exercise by the teachers in the school was more of an authoritative style in which student were not free to challenge or question the authority of their teachers. The dead poets society was formed Mr. Keating in his days at Welton, this group then was against the norms of the school that was why its memory was never to be revisited or talked about in the school. Keatings actually made this clear to his student, when he told them not to say or talked about the dead poets society. It is very interesting to see how John Keating establishes the relationship with his students in classroom and outside the classroom. He is quite open with his students about his attitude towards the world and his ideas about the purposes of life, and other general things, however, at the same time he doesnt reveal his personal life. This is very understandable due to the fact that he is a teacher and his role as a teacher prevents him from getting too personal with his students. Moreover, in our opinion, it was very important to keep this barrier between the professor and his students because otherwise they couldve lost their respect for him as a teacher. At the same time, Keating was eccentric and open enough to make his students be interested in him which helped in getting their attention to poetry. A) The different groups in the movie are as follows; I) Teachers these were responsible for the day to day teaching and providing guidance to the students of welt on academy. Ii) Students These were basically teenage boys aged 15-17 who were going to Welton academy as a preparatory school for college. The school was portrayed as being one of the best for producing intelligent students. Iii) DPS abbreviation for dead poets society, this was a literary club formed by eager students who wanted to draw meanings from what life really is all about by reading and reviewing poetry. The DPS recited poetry in two different contexts, romanticism and realism. iv) Parents/guardians these constituted parents who brought their children to welt on academy preparatory school, hoping to prepare a better future for their kids taking into account the reputation the school had. V) Board of regents/ school administration This was a governing body of the school concerned with all matters regarding the affairs of the students and teachers and the organizational protocols of the school. vi) Affiliates these were other people in the movie whom in one way or another made the boys lives what they are or what they ought to become and accomplish. Example Todds brother who was a lawyer what his parents wanted Todd to look up to, Knoxs crush Christine whom in a way helped Knox build his confidence and the list goes on and onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ vii) Study groups These were studying groups for the students categorized depending on the area of study example Latin, chemistry etc. B) The groups do differ basically in the way they are formed and the purpose from which they were created. Some of them are what are called formal groups while other is informal groups. Starting with the formal groups, these were created by the structure of the organization basing on task needs and were usually involuntary. In this we can include the students themselves, teachers, board of regents/school administration and the parents. The students and the teachers are the key groups in forming the school environment were the actual educating/learning process is takes place. Parents role in all this is to ensure their children get proper education by addressing to their basic needs and wants. Board of regents/ school of administration were there to ensure that the learning process runs smoothly and that the rules and regulations of the school are adhered to by both students and teachers. The informal groups on the other hand were created by the members themselves to cater for particular needs in this case social needs and they were voluntary. In this we can include the dead poets society (DPS) group, affiliates and study groups. The DPS was created by its members led by Neil to try and find true meaning to life and to seize the day making the boys lives extraordinary as inspired by their teacher Mr. Keating. The affiliates existed because in one way or another are what the characters looked up to or tried to associate them with themselves in conquering day to day life challenges as teenage boys. Study groups were formed by the students for the sole purpose of striving to achieve both academically and socially in line with the schools four pillars which were honor, discipline, excellence and tradition. In the movie of Dead Poets Society, we see the culture of the Welton academy had very traditional and reflecting one of the most significant way which was influenced to the student and other social group. However the movie showed that Welton Academy was closely bound to the students families which were usually provided generation to generations of their forefathers had attended the school so that students automatically had to follow their tradition and principle like tradition, honor, discipline and excellence. According to the movie Dead Poets Society, there are some strong groups where culture of the school and those groups are influence each other. Welton Academy was an interdisciplinary foundation where some elements of culture were illustrate to the teachers, students, parents or guardians group, school administration group and affiliates group to symbolic perspective of thinking, established guidelines and structures in their attempts to motivate and inspire each other. At the beginning of the story hallways, dormitories and class room are steadily introduced to the group of students that are at the center of the story. Students group has leadership abilities like Neil, self-confident and about to discover the inspiring power of poetry like Charlie Dalton are individually influences by the teacher group and administration group. Mr. Keating, English literature teacher was explored and motivated some elements of culture and illustrate to the students to desire for charismatic leadershi p, change raises question concerning about literature and real life. In parents group, we see most clearly in the value tight spot faced by Neil Perry and the opposition to his father. Neil and his father relationship were a struggle for control of all disagreements like battles with win-lose outcomes. Neil had wished to be an actor and knew that it would definitely be against his fathers wished. Another linked between parents and students group was Todd and his family. Todds parents had given him the same desk set which he got two following years and that was upsetting him. Instead to administration group, it was encouraging conformity through seduction to the students group. In this movie Students made a group name Dead poets society (DPS) which was insolence and penalize the deviant by the administration. But this group would be continued of some students to take part by all kind of persuade, pressure and negotiate. Neil was a leader in that group activity who praises his accompl ishments and shares personal secrets with others. Moreover, In our view of Dead poets society movie, the dissimilarity of above mention groups like teachers, students, parents, boarding of regents or schools administrators, dead poet society, study groups and also affiliates can be observed in the roles each group plays and we can see they are linked to each other.

Customer Loyalty Essay -- Business, Customer Relationship Management

The Customer loyalty has been a major and unanimously acknowledged as a valuable asset in competitive markets according to Srivastava, Shervani, & Fahey, 2000. As a result, it becomes more important to give power to in loyalty panel particularly when the consumers faces very low switching or moving cost to other product or service, because they are not locked in by a contract (Shapiro & Vivian, 2000). It is also become important in competitive markets due to availability of more lucrative and easily available options. The concept of customer loyalty has been around and present throughout in all parts/activities of numerous industries in the past decade (Lewis, 1997). The development of loyalty includes building and supporting a relationship with a customer, which leads to the repetitive purchase of products or services over a given period of time. A loyal customer base also permits companies to offer their expertise and skills to other business matters (Gefen, 2002; Rowley & Dawes, 2 000). In order to understand what drives customer loyalty or how your business defines customer loyalty we can look at the behavioral aspect of it. Customers can show their loyalty in a number of ways. They can prefer to stay with a firm, whether this persistence is distinct as a relationship or not, or they can increase the number of purchases, or they can do both (Reinartz & Kumar, 2003; Rowley & Dawes, 2000). The purpose of this research is to link loyalty to the up-and-coming theories of CRM (Macintosh & Lockshin, 1997) or as the key element, of effective CRM. Although some authors, such as Dick & Basu (1994), have different view of each element of it and make a distinction between brand loyalty, store loyalty, sales people loyalty, product and ser... ...ection of cognitive and affective elements was analyzed by Oliver (1999). Attitudinal loyalty can at times lead customers to provide exceptional value to the company through positive word of mouth researched by Dick & Basu, 1994; Hagel & Armstrong, 1997; Reichheld, 2003. Letdown to relation for attitudinal loyalty could lead to false loyalty (Dick & Basu, 1994). Thus, to attain true loyalty, firms should in tandem focus on building both behavioral and attitudinal loyalty. So if we look at both the service management and the marketing literatures both suggest that there is a well-built theoretical foundation for an experiential examination of the linkages among customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability. Storbacka argues that there is comparatively little amount of empirical research performed on these relationships to date (Storbacka et al., 1994)

Reaearch Article Analysis Essay

The system of law enforcement course of action making is a perpendicular form and a parallel political dynamic. The system of law enforcement research had the knowledge and ability to apply the decision – making process within state law enforcement courses and administrative divisions can control resolutions by giving studies to meet policy maker’s needs. This document gives a schematic outlook on the system of law enforcement determination – making methods and speaks of how researchers can make his or her accomplishments pertinent within it. Purpose The system of law enforcement action adopted and pursued by government examinations aimed at the discovery and interpretation of new knowledge seeks to equip assessments and examinations of a serious offense and provides tactics for its reduction. The number in the system of law enforcement and the scientific study of crimes periodical, analysis, and a printed narrative are full of new knowledge and policy examinations. In fact, one topic has obtained reduced recognition; however, it is how the system of law enforcement action planned and administrative divisions use the system of law enforcement in programs developing and policy making. To obtain federal money each state upholds law enforcement actions by the government and plans establishments (Garrison, 2009). Government and regional police departments establish the system of judicial body, corrections, and non – profit associations obtain money through these law enforcement establishments to assist law enforcement responsi bilities. Law enforcement researchers can make his or her business more applicable to law enforcement policy makers by having knowledge of the art of science of government authority, and policy dynamics that govern how establishments function. Law enforcement principles and intentions are ethically – based entities. By this Dena means that the law enforcement principles work in an enclosed area that negotiates with confident questions of correct and incorrect what establishes fairness and prejudice as well as the attention of an individual’s obligation. In fact, the appearance of these morals explains the division of law enforcement and law enforcement policy – making establishments from other establishments for example, original or medical sciences. Dissimilar to the institutions and Dena’s conversation, law enforcement, the natural sciences does not associate the causes of human weakness (Garrison, 2009). Problem The reason for dysfunction, our, unlike hypothesis propose are inward and outward causes for example, a need of political authority and poor disorders (Garrison, 2009). Considering how these reasons are observed and defined these causes have moral meanings associated with them. Important, the law enforcement design is a subject that regular people can readily associate to and reveal views (at least in appreciation to causation) without immersion and guidance in control (Garrison, 2009). The law enforcement design transmissions on the primary surface of policy making, exercising or seeking power in the governmental or public affairs, the study of the nature and origin of ideals. Questions and answers Is the behavior of wrongdoings in a village a law enforcement matter or a public health matter? Answer – it is a law enforcement matter because law enforcement and others for example, judges, and lawyers have to decide the punishment for the criminal but the punishment for the criminal depends on what the wrong doing was. Is the answer to a wrongdoing a discipline and containment design or a medical design in which methods are the key product? Answer – in this case it would be a medical model because treatment would be the factor to the individual or individuals involved in the wrong doing. Is wrongdoing a matter of a person’s chosen conduct or is the outcome of environmental methods past the constrain or obligation of the individual? Answer – this can be both because the person chooses to conduct the wrong doing but the environmental factors for example; the individual coming from a poor neighborhood could also contribute to the individual’s action (Garrison, 2009 & White, 2013). Describe the design of the study Examinations can affect the exercising or seeking power in governmental affairs, the study of the nature, and the origin of ideals concern that in turn, holds design within the law enforcement outlined establishments. To accomplish control in the resolution events the researchers must uphold both traditional esteem, and a character of presented unprejudiced examinations by policy makers (Weiss, 1976, Ross & Shapiro, 1999).The theoretical probability and the absence of a political bias of the researcher are the central results to acceptability. If individuals see an analysis as too reserved or too permissive, his or her research results are not considered worthy if the decision makers do not bestow the equal political theory (Garrison, 2009). It is better for an analysis to have no political character, thus leaving his or her qualification the main representative to create opinions. The design represents how an analysis can motivate one or more important individuals of the counsel by supplying the individuals with studies that reverberates carefully with the moral and political theories to those constituents. In fact, those constituents make the whole counsel. In addition, the politics, and authority of the council will resolve if a policy conclusion will transpire and what policies, if made, researchers will transcribe to the supervisor to carry out (Garrison, 2009). The planning administrative division manages the s econd level of the planning, carries out the decisions of the goals and puts the policy into the curriculum. In fact, once the counsel informs the supervisor on the policy it is his or her responsibility to seek the details of practice commonly regarding a workers topic, and this is at the decision of the supervisor. Thus, the judgment making authority for carrying out changes are to an individual opinion maker. In addition, analysists must know what position of decision – making policy or a specific responsibility or curriculum is under to decide how the analysis can be substantial. Furthermore, if an establishment needs details, evaluations, or data on policy process is in its planning notable action studies that provides transparent and operational data will have a big effect on the method (Weiss, 1976). Operational Definition From an un widely administrative system (Hall, 1989) exercising or seeking power in governmental or public affairs concern in a course of action adopted by the government there is another view to the art or science of government on decision making –political timing. The British Navy incorporated lemons in the diet of the crew members to fight a disease 263 years back after medical science demonstrated the usefulness. Although the connection separating smoking and lung cancer was made in 1950 it was not until the 1990s that a government policy was put into place to stop smoking in individuals 18 and younger (Lomas, 2000). Inductive Logic To furnish assorted control establishments and stakeholders with an examination aimed at the discovery and interoperation of new knowledge there are three processes. One – a portion of the study is left out and rejects the outcome because researchers defy the outcome. Exercising or seeking power in governmental or public affairs. Two – studies center on clauses and delicate variations in information, but center on clauses and limitations not well accepted in the public policy (Ross & Shapiro, 1999). Three – using the identical data conservatives makes noted facts and policy makers make a course of action adopted by the government. Ross & Shapiro advises that a course of action adopted by government that studies can have exercising or seeking power in the government, and define the studies or if the examinations have worth (Ross & Shapiro, 1999). Deductive Logic The success of making examinations aimed at the discovery greater, and beneficial analysis comprehend processes. There can be no individual correct opinion in government judgment making, values, and examination outcomes will never be understand or believed enough to give the conclusion in a policy dispute (Weiss, 1982). In fact, researchers who do not have the quality or power for making the last policy decision do not obtain a course of action adopted by the government. In addition, actions adopted by the government when in question about what data researchers require, researchers obtain information that is pleasant or relating to government in the researchers association (Weiss, 1982). Furthermore, actions adopted, and pursued by government makers are feeling at ease with the condition and do not alter easily. Finally, the governmental affairs use researchers to back a predetermined policy position is a worthy use of analysis because it gives individuals the general understanding f or the analysis (Weiss, 1982). Findings The significant basis that courses bring to the course of action process is a self – governing, logical method. The stakes are high and some topics are likely argued by special interest stakeholders. The data has to support credibility (Ross & Shapiro, 1999). In fact, researchers should stay away from political discussion on what the researcher means for future policy making. Researchers examining analysis and outcomes based on authorities’ information, individuals should keep in mind that authorities control information is complete information. Furthermore, information can be explained lawfully in unusual ways, and the choice of possible explanations of information can come about from government actions, and have the same legitimacy (Ross & Shapiro, 1999). Qualitative or Quantitative The information in this document is qualitative data because there is information and opinions on many levels. Information is part of a method that contains giving training and understanding for policy deliberations producing words for accepting dilemmas, and producing answers that happen over time (Rist, 1994). With this qualitative data consisting of values represent qualities of non-numerical categories (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009). This is important because it gives information estimation, awareness of past information and analysis on what causes have been and what have not been put into place pertaining to the development (Rist, 1994). In conclusion, research is important in law enforcement policies because the information received can determine what policies have and have not been put into place, and if new policies need to be added. Researchers have to pay attention to the information collected, and have the information needed to know what can and what cannot be used. In fact, researchers give the government the last choice on rather they should use the information or not. Decisions are very important in the research area of law enforcement because the research changes therefore; researchers must have the knowledge and skills on when and when not to use specific data. References Bennett, J.O., Briggs, W.L., & Triola, M.F. (2009). Statistical reasoning for everyday life (3rd ed.) .Boston, MA: Pearson/Addison Wesley Dictionary.com (2013) Garrison, A.H. (2009). The Influence of Research on Criminal Justice Policy Making. Professional Issues in Criminal Justice, 4(1), Lomas, J. (2000, Spring). Connecting research and policy. ISUMA, (), 140-144. Rist, R. (1994). Influencing the policy process with qualitative research. Handbook on qualitative research, (), . Weiss, J. (1976). Using Social Science for Social Policy. Policy Studies Journal, 4(3), 234-238. Weiss, J. (1982). Policy research in the context of diffuse decision making. The Journal of Higher Education, 53(6), 619-639.

How does the opening sequence of Gladiator and Saving Private Ryan raise the audiences expectations Essays

How does the opening sequence of Gladiator and Saving Private Ryan raise the audiences expectations Essays How does the opening sequence of Gladiator and Saving Private Ryan raise the audiences expectations Paper How does the opening sequence of Gladiator and Saving Private Ryan raise the audiences expectations Paper Essay Topic: Film Before the films Saving Private Ryan and Gladiator have begun the audience already has an expectation of the film based on the actors and directors of the two movies. Both films have Auteurs as directors and have famous actors playing the protagonist of the movies. This will give the audience expectations of the film based on the status of the actors and directors. Both directors Steven Spielberg and Ridley Scott have directed impressive films in all types of genre. Tom Hanks and Russell Crowe play the protagonists in the two films (Tom Hanks-Saving Private Ryan Russell Crowe-Gladiator) which are shown in the posters advertising the two films; these also show the genre of the two movies. The opening sequence of the two movies features montages with very little background sound. Gladiators opening shots show a close up of a hand being run through a field. The hand has a ring on showing that the man is married. The field is bathed in golden light; strong contrast to the first shot of the protagonist, which is lit with chiaroscuro. The successions of these two shots give us the impression that the hand belonged to the protagonist, Russell Crowe. Russell Crowe plays the general Maximus Deridius. The opening shots of Saving Private Ryan feature an Old man walking down a path in bright light on a sunny day. While the man is walking a group of people follow him down the path, telling the audience that this man is quite important. The man is walking in a graveyard and after walking to a particular grave he collapses crying. His sadness gives the impression that someone he knew and loved had died and was buried in that graveyard. The shot then switches to a group of men in a boat which again uses chiaroscuro. There is then a series of montages featuring close ups of the men in the boat. The emotions of the men are shown in the expressions on their faces and the dark shadowy light the scene is bathed in. The protagonist of the film Tom Hanks is then shown in a close up shot but it is different to the way that we are first shown Russell Crowe in Gladiator. The first time that we see Russell Crowe in Gladiator he looks deep in thought and with very little fear on his face. His clothes depict what class of man he is (wealthy, powerful,) and also show the genre of the film to be war as he is holding a sword and wearing armor. The first time that Tom Hanks is introduced his clothes show the genre of the movie in the same way as gladiator, but he is not instantly recognizable as the protagonist of the film; he looks just as scared as the other people on the boat and has no instant sign of authority. As the men approach the shore, the sound of gunfire can be heard, which tells the audience that a battle is happening and that these mens fear is the onslaught of battle. The opening sequence of both texts show the genre of the movie by using strong battle scenes and sounds and both introduce why Tom Hanks and Russell Crowe are the protagonists of the films. Russell Crowe walks through the ranks of his army and is referred to as General by many. The director uses this to show the authority of the character. The director of S. P. R shows Tom Hanks to be powerful by having take control of the disbanded army around him and he seems to be the least distressed by the battle going on around him. Both texts feature strong battle sequences in their opening scenes. The scenes are seen in a different way by the audience because inter-textuality will tell people that the Roman Army in Gladiator was unbeatable and the most powerful fighting force the world had ever seen. We know that the protagonist is a Roman general and we know that the opposing army is not strong enough to beat them from what has been said by the characters already so the audience has a basic idea of what to expect from the battle: the Romans are going to win. In S. P. R Tom Hanks and his army are put in an impossible position from the off set. When they hit the shore the sound of gunfire fills the air and immediately pushes them back towards the sea and in a seemingly impossible position. Tom Hanks role as the protagonist is emphasized by the way that the people around him all turn to him for orders when they first hit the shore and begin fighting. The fighting scenes in both films are shot with a hand held camera allowing the audience to feel as if they are in the battle themselves. In S. P. R a hand held camera is used from behind the German stationery guns on the bank to show how easily the Americans are being picked off from the beach. Close up shots in Gladiator show the expressions of the Roman army and none of them look scared or worried about the battle. During the battle they use close ups of the fighting to show the Roman army defeating the German army with ease. A close up of Russell Crowe is used when he turns around and almost kills one of his own men, only to stop and smile at him. This shows he is used to fighting dangerous battles and how undeterred by the fighting and the sounds around him he appears to be. The music in the two opening sequences is similar and is used to create the same affect on the audience. The slow first scenes of the two movies have very little sound as the directors want you to focus on the messages on the screen. The flag at the start of S. P. R symbolizes what the Americans were fighting for: the love of their country. Gladiator features a hand being run through a field which tells you little apart from that the hand belongs to someone who is married. The battle scenes in the two films have very little music but you can hear the sounds of the battle distinctly. In S. P. R the sounds of gunfire is very loud and the cries of the men screaming and yelling are quite disturbing. In Gladiator the sounds of clashing swords fills the air with cries coming only from the German army. Music is absent as it is normally used to project the emotions of the characters on screen onto the audience. In a scene with a strong battle there are so many emotions of so many people fighting that there wouldnt be enough music to symbolize what they were all feeling. I think that Gladiator raises the audiences expectations more in the opening sequences as they show the Roman army to be brutal and unmerciful which is shown more and more in the rest of the film. Saving Private Ryan has a brilliantly directed opening and gives the audience a real insight into what war is like. Yet the rest of the film goes downhill and doesnt give you what you would expect from the dazzling opening sequences.

Reality of Tularecito

Franklin looked into Tularecito's â€Å"mirror† and saw what Tularecito was. The Pastures views come from several directions. While one teacher sees Tularecito as a dog, needing to be trained, the other sees him as an idiot savant, needing only to be pushed into harmless fantasy. This leads a third view of Tularecito, one of a simple minded killer that needs to be locked up for his own good. Tularecito is viewed as less than human from the start. His name means "little frog", and his physical disabilities are seen by all, causing fear. As Steinbeck tells his story, it is obviously full of metaphors on the basic belief of our society that everything must be the same and reasonable at the same time. Tularecito should never have gone to school. He would have been happy living at home, simple as he was. In the end society takes Tularecito and makes him a monster. Since monsters are not allowed into human society, Tularecito goes looking for a different society that he does belong to, living with the gnomes. Unfortunately this society exists only in his mind, but to his mind it makes sense for he has no perception of reality to fantasy. He searches for a world of fantasy, and in his efforts, he creates a hole. â€Å"He studied the hold for a moment and then began to push dirt back into the whole with the side of his foot† (Steinbeck, 54). When this hole is covered up, it confirms Tularecito's belief in fantasy. There is only one problem with this. Tularecito believes that he created the hole and should n ot be destroyed. With school, work or his own fantasies, when something made by his sweat, his hand is destroyed he defends it the only way he knows how, through violence. â€Å"The fourth grade struggled out, seized erasers and begun to remove the animals to make room for their numbers. They has not make tow sweeps when Tularecito charged†¦.. Miss Martin aided by the whole school, could not hold him down.ï ¿ ½... Reality of Tularecito Free Essays on Fantasy/Reality of Tularecito Franklin looked into Tularecito's â€Å"mirror† and saw what Tularecito was. The Pastures views come from several directions. While one teacher sees Tularecito as a dog, needing to be trained, the other sees him as an idiot savant, needing only to be pushed into harmless fantasy. This leads a third view of Tularecito, one of a simple minded killer that needs to be locked up for his own good. Tularecito is viewed as less than human from the start. His name means "little frog", and his physical disabilities are seen by all, causing fear. As Steinbeck tells his story, it is obviously full of metaphors on the basic belief of our society that everything must be the same and reasonable at the same time. Tularecito should never have gone to school. He would have been happy living at home, simple as he was. In the end society takes Tularecito and makes him a monster. Since monsters are not allowed into human society, Tularecito goes looking for a different society that he does belong to, living with the gnomes. Unfortunately this society exists only in his mind, but to his mind it makes sense for he has no perception of reality to fantasy. He searches for a world of fantasy, and in his efforts, he creates a hole. â€Å"He studied the hold for a moment and then began to push dirt back into the whole with the side of his foot† (Steinbeck, 54). When this hole is covered up, it confirms Tularecito's belief in fantasy. There is only one problem with this. Tularecito believes that he created the hole and should n ot be destroyed. With school, work or his own fantasies, when something made by his sweat, his hand is destroyed he defends it the only way he knows how, through violence. â€Å"The fourth grade struggled out, seized erasers and begun to remove the animals to make room for their numbers. They has not make tow sweeps when Tularecito charged†¦.. Miss Martin aided by the whole school, could not hold him down.ï ¿ ½...

Centerofthequadrangleduewestof UphamHall ontheMiamiUniversityCampus Essay

Centerofthequadrangleduewestof UphamHall ontheMiamiUniversityCampus - Essay Example The sun rises in the morning and spreads its rays on all objects across the globe; the sculpture is no exception. The sky was clear blue and humidity was at its lowest. The temperature was just beginning to rise and clouds that had heavily hanged over my head ran away to create a path for the sun. With the help of the sunlight, every single image seems clear and the vicinity of the sculpture is quite detailed. One advantage with the day-light is that every facet of the sculpture can be vividly observed. The bracketing and columns stand very firm to support the compact oval roof-like capital (Cothren, 451). The central-plan building is crystal-clear and I could easily see and appreciate the outstanding work of the burin used by this legendary sculptor. In the chilly evening, the sculpture seemed to have had absorbed some rays from the sun. And now the time came to spit the rays, like a fire dragon. I could not stop dreaming as watched the sculpture reflect a few rays of the sunset. I stood from a close range and watched the beautiful colonnade majestically rise from the very bold and energetic dado (Brookes, 37). A first, I imagined a dwarf on a stand-still; any coward man would run away as he comes to face with the statue. However, the dimness of the evening denied me the sight of the beautiful cameo and chamfer of the capital. In as much as the sculpture was quite prominent in the evening, a few details of it could not be observed. The sculpture is located a stone-throw away from the main administration block of the institution. It borders the pavement that connects a number of buildings within the institution. Many trees have gathered around the earthwork to behold its unending beauty. Being by a path, it was easy to locate. From far, however, one could not easily spot it since it is surrounded by a building and some trees. The management of the institution may have strategically placed it here so as to

Cloning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cloning - Research Paper Example Advocates of cloning practices say that it may, among other things, serve society as an effective alternative treatment for infertility. The cloning of animals has stirred the debate about the ethical, legal and social aspects regarding human cloning. Cloning is the creation of an embryo by the method of human somatic cell nuclear transfer. This procedure involves implanting DNA cells from an organism into an egg whose DNA nucleus has been removed then chemically treated so that the egg begins to behave as though fertilization has occurred. This results in the creation of embryonic growth of another organism that contains the complete genetic code of the original organism. Through this process, the cloning of mammals has resulted in, to date, hundreds of cloned organisms born. â€Å"The term clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or human being. In some of these contexts, cloning refers to established technologies that have been part of agricultural practice for a very long time and currently form an important part of the foundations of modern biological research† (Nussbaum & Sunstein, 1 998, p. 1). Though this process has produced many live successes, it has proved considerably less likely to produce successful pregnancies than those conceived through sexual reproduction. In addition, the majority of cloned animals have experienced some type of birth defect. Replication of an organism’s DNA identity does not occur naturally within mammals. Only plants produce offspring through replication from one generation to the next. â€Å"The prospect of such replication for humans has resulted in the most controversial debate about reproduction ever to be taken up in western civilization† (McGee,