My Experience With A Patient With Chest Pain - 1542 Words

The aim of this ten minute reflection is to show my experience of how my mentor and I used the ABCDE approach when dealing with a patient with chest pain. The concept of this ten minute reflection is to outline the areas that I can develop on for my future placements. This ten minute reflection will show my emotional state and my knowledge that I applied in this situation. It will outline my learning and development when in my placement area and help me to decide if a better outcome could have been achieved if I performed differently. From my learning to date, by completing this ten minute reflection it has enabled me to critically analyse my own practice and compare this to what I would of done now upon completion of this module. This reflection has highlighted how much my skills, knowledge and performance has improved from last year. In accordance of the NMC (2008) a pseudonyms will be used in order to protect the patients’ identity. No1. The issue that I will be reflecting on throughout this template will be based upon following the ABCDE assessment when assessing the critically ill or deteriorating patients. This patient will be called Peter for the purpose of this reflection. No2. This reflection will be based on a personal experience when a 68 year old male called Peter was admitted onto the ward with chest pain. Originally this patient had assumed that he was suffering from heartburn. Peter’s wife had given him gaviscon. My mentor and I went to see theShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of An Integrated Care Pathway1379 Words   |  6 Pagescare, placed within a set timeline, to aid a patient with a specific condition or set of symptoms to move progressively through a clinical experience to positive outcomes, It is one of the main tools used to manage the quality in healthcare concerning the standardisation of care processes and therefore promotes organised and efficient patient care based on evidence based practice. (British Medical Journal, 1998). In this essay I aim to justify a patient pathway of care with reference to national andRead MoreThe Emergency Room With Chest Pain832 Words   |  4 Pagesemergency room with chest pain. Several nurses rush to g et her vitals, blood samples to send to the lab, and obtain an EKG. While performing an assessment on Mrs. Smith, the nurse inquires about the amount of time she has been feeling this way. Mrs. Smith replies My sister passed away 2 weeks ago and I have been having this chest pain ever since. After the physician reviews over all of Mrs. Smith s lab and radiology test results, he informs her that she is not having chest pain from a heart attackRead MoreAn Interesting Case I Attended To Involved An Elderly Man1474 Words   |  6 Pagesand sweaty, which is the typical appearance of a cardiac patient. He presented with chest pain that he gave a pain score of 8/10, and which worsened upon inspiration. He also presented with vomiting and shortness of breath. Electrocardiogram (ECG) indicated a ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Paramedic believes it was an anterior infarct with elevation in V2, V3, V4 leads and reciprocal depression in Leads II, III and aVF. The patient had sev eral risk factors for heart disease such as highRead MoreEssay on Pneumothorax1322 Words   |  6 Pagesof her right lung is collapsed and is not taking part in gas exchange 4. The physician needs to insert a chest tube. What are your responsibilities as the nurse? Preinsertion: †¢ Support patient with comfort and emotional needs – see next question for pain med thoughts †¢ Educate the client and any family that her lung collapsed and that the doctor is going to put a tube in her chest to get rid of the air and help her breath on her own again. 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Baccalaureate degree program encompasses all these in its core curriculumRead Mo reEvaluation Of The Standardized Patient Experience900 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Evaluation The standardized patient experience was useful and interesting for me because I became more confident and active during nursing practice after that practice exam. This practical exam helped me recall my professional experience from year 2012 and 2013 when I worked as a nurse in my country. After that practice exam, I knew how staff nurses deal and communicate with patients from a different culture and spoke different language. My specialization is nursing education, but I wanted

Emily Dickson Life - 1088 Words

Emily Dickinson Life’s Emily Dickinson was an American writer that changed the way people view poetry, females’ authors, and symbolism. Her work are celebrated the world over for their simplicity, beauty, and imagery. Also her life is very well-known and a topic of interest for millions of people around the world. Emily Dickinson was a very influential poet and will be remembered in history forever. Dickinsons poetic accomplishment was known from the moment her first volume appeared in 1890, but never has she loved more approval than she does today. As soon as Thomas H. ended her complete body of 1,775 poems available in his 1955 variorum edition, The Poems of Emily Dickinson, concern from all quarters soared. Readers instantly discovered a poet of colossal depth and stylistic convolution whose work eludes categorization. For example, though she frequently employs the common epic poem meter associated with hymnody, her poetry is in no way inhibited by that form; rather she performs like a jazz artist who uses rhythm and meter to modernize readers perceptions of those structures. Her fierce insubordination of literary and social authority has long appealed to feminist critics, who constantly place Dickinson in the company of such major writers as , Elizabeth Browning, Sylvia Plath, and Adrienne Rich. Dickinson was born 10 December 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts, where she lived up to her death from Brights disease on 15 May 1886. There she consumed most of herShow MoreRelatedPoem Analysis : I m Nobody ! Who Are You894 Words   |  4 PagesNobody! Who are you?† a poem by Emily Dickinson explains that in life it is best to be a humble person than a proud person who need spend their life maintaining their status in front of others. The central focus of this poem is just being humble and being yourselves. By reading her poem she is likely talking about herself also it can inferred she is reclusive and it is supported by Betsy Erkkila in her article discussing about Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Spent her entire life in the household of her parentsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Donne, Emily Dicks, And Michael Obi With The Idea Of Believing And Follow God1175 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper I will argue about the struggles John Donne, Emily Dicks, and Michael Obi with the idea of bel ieving and follow God. The speaker in Holy Sonnet 14 struggles with not deserving to have a relationship with God. Emily Dickson fights with if there is an afterlife and if it is real (Poem 501). Michael Obi struggles with whole ideas of religion and looking to the past since he is all about the looking forward (Death Men’s Path). 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Emily Dickinson was a woman who made her Christian faith the main focus of her work especially when it came to her poems that had all been written on death. In christianity it is believed that once you die you either go to Heaven or Hell based on how you been living your life. Dickson’s views had remained pretty consistent whenRead More`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``880 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is an aspect of life that everyone becomes acquainted with sooner or later. The poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† by Emily Dickinson, is seen as a reflection of the passing of time in one s life while living. No one knows when it is their time to die, and we live everyday as if tomorrow it promised. Dickinson is saying that since we as humans tend to live on the expectation for tomo rrow, we don t think about the end of our life or when it will be. That time will stand still whenRead MoreAn Analysis of The Soul selects her own Society884 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson’s â€Å"The Soul Selects her Own Society† presents herself as absolute and her rights as unchallengeable. The poem puts forward the idea of â€Å"friendship or love† which means choosing a significant person and excluding other people. Dickinson reveals that she was shutting people from her life, but because it had been so long, they are no longer interested in taking part of her life. Dickinson’s actions imply that the ability to create and construct a world for oneself, such as choosing yourRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Death Of Life873 Words   |  4 Pages Known for her ability to succinctly pen elegant and thought provoking poems on a wide range of topics: from self reliance to the turmoils of war, Emily Dickinson remains a pillar of talent and inspiration to this day. While most, if not all, poets reveal elements of themselves within their works Dickinson seems to lay herself bare before her readers; leaving very little left to the imagination. Dickinson achieves this by combining symbolism, allegory and often nimble punctuation within her stanzasRead MoreI Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson s â€Å"I heard a fly buzz when I died† is an elegy written from the perspective of the speaker who is already dead and who is reflecting back on the last moments of her life and the moment of her death. The speaker tells the story of his/her own deathbed scene: describing the final experiences and sensations before the exact moment of death. The poem uses specific language, descriptive visual an d aural imagery, and other poetic devices to convey the confusion and frustration that speakerRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1348 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson The beloved poet, Emily Dickinson lived as a recluse to become the greatest American woman poet of the 19th century. Even in such peculiar circumstances, her works remain alive as she unites people through her talent. Furthermore, her poems were not recognized until after her death, her art is now praised with its impact on society. She intrigues readers with prominent themes of life and death and its comparison to living and nonliving aspects. Dickinson’s unique background, interestingRead MoreEmily Dickinsons Poetry Analysis1282 Words   |  6 Pagesimaging big dreams, big things, but never finding anything in this monotonous reality. Surrounded by same objects, people, big roads, big decisions, choices. We, the people-we are unique, we are a mosaic with rare, colorful pieces. The way we live the life, enjoy the world, see the things, makes us who we are. In dark or light, confident or not, walking or halting. Under the sun, warm and relieved; under the cold moon, mysterio us sky, thinking in sadness. Often in reality, rarely in our mind. Every time

The Solitary Reaper Free Essays

It has become a truism in recent years that the Romantic poets were preoccupied with the fundamentals of their own poetic talents. Clearly, a view of poetry which places so much emphasis on the poet not as an interpreter, nor as a mirror, but as a creator of reality, must impose a severe self-consciousness on the individual artist, and it is not surprising that running through Romantic poetry there is a sense of awe, sometimes precipitated into uncertainty at the immense power of the imagination.Wordsworth’s â€Å"The Solitary Reaper,† unlike his â€Å"Immortality ode,† or Shelley’s â€Å"Ode to the West Wind,† is not normally a poem which we associate with this turbulent introspection, nevertheless it has become increasingly apparent to admirers of Wordsworth’s poetry that many of his short lyrics are self-reflective even when they seem least to be so. We will write a custom essay sample on The Solitary Reaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The Solitary Reaper,† I believe, provides us with a good instance of what we frequently feel to be true of his shorter poems, which is, that beneath the lyric grace there is a quite startling intensity of imaginative commitment.Wordsworth’s imagination always transfigures what it touches, and in one important sense this particular poem is only marginally concerned with what appear to be its principal subjects; the reaper and her song. I want to look at the poem in some detail, for despite its apparent plainness I believe it to be a work in which Wordsworth meditates with considerable subtlety on the status of the creative act, and its importance as a 92 GEOFFREY J. FINCH basic human endeavour.A s my discussion of the poem is, as I have said, fairly detailed, I think I ought to reproduce the entire text first of a l l : The Solitary Reaper B e h o l d her, single i n the field, Yon solitary Highland Lass! R e a p i n g a n d s i n g i n g b y herself; Stop here, or gently pass! A l o n e she cuts a n d binds the g r a i n , A n d sings a m e l a n c h o l y s t r a i n ; 0 l i s t e n ! f o r the V a l e profound Is o v e r f l o w i n g w i t h the sound.N o N i g h t i n g a l e did ever chaunt M o r e welcome notes to w e a r y bands Of t r a v e l l e r s i n some shady haunt, A m o n g A r a b i a n sands: A voice so t h r i l l i n g ne’er w a s heard I n spring-time f r o m the Cuckoo-bird, B r e a k i n g the silence of the seas A m o n g the farthest Hebrides. W i l l no one t e l l me w h a t she sings? P e r h a p s the p l a i n t i v e numbers flow F o r old, unhappy, far-off things, A n d battles l o n g ago: O r is it some m o r e h u m b l e lay, F a m i l i a r m a t t e r of to-day?Some n a t u r a l sorrow, loss, or pain, T h a t has been, a n d m a y be a g a i n ? W h a t e ‘ e r the theme, the M a i d e n s a n g A s i f h e r song could have no e n d i n g ; 1 s a w h e r s i n g i n g at h e r w o r k , A n d o’er the sickle b e n d i n g ; — I listened, motionless a n d s t i l l ; A n d , as I mounted u p the h i l l , T h e m u s i c i n m y heart I bore, L o n g after it w a s h e a r d no more. 1 Much of the power of this very haunting poem comes from a series of ironies or paradoxes which Wordsworth allows to emerge implicitly through the imagery and structure of the verse.A s G. Ingli James has remarked, we do not normally associate the use of irony or paradox with Wordsworth’s â€Å"The Solitary Reaper,† but there seems to be no other way of describing the enigmatic quality of the poem. The first, and most obvious point, which we notice in reading it, is that for the first three stanzas the pretence is made that the incident is occurring in the present, 2 WORDSWORTH’S SOLITARY SONG 93 whereas in the fourth stanza the whole event is distanced by use of the past tense. More important than this, however, is the paradoxical nature of the ong, which in substance is sad, but which does not produce sadness in the poet. Then again, the song is † t h r i l l i n g , † it profoundly moves Wordsworth, but nevertheless its final effect is not to stimulate, but to set the emotions at rest. The song itself is a human entity, made as a work of art is made, but yet Wordsworth sees it as profoundly natural, as the song of a bird is natural. Yet again, the song is a product of the girl’s solitariness, but it suggests to the poet the glamour and warmth of â€Å"Arabian sands. Finally, although the title is â€Å"The Solitary Reaper,† we learn practic ally nothing of the girl herself. Wordsworth’s mode could be described as meditative, because the poem does not explain, but contemplates. The frequent repetition of words and ideas suggests the way in which Wordsworth’s imagination centres round certain important facets. There are a number of allusions, for instance, to the girl’s activity: stanza one, â€Å"reaping and singing,† â€Å"cuts and binds†; stanza four, â€Å"singing at her work,† † A n d o’er the sickle bending. Wordsworth listens not only † s t i l l † but â€Å"motionless. † The subject matter of the song is qualified, in the first half of the third stanza, by â€Å"old,† â€Å"far-off,† â€Å"long-ago,† and in the second half, by â€Å"sorrow,† â€Å"loss† and † p a i n † (words which if not completely identical nevertheless connote the same idea). The girl herself is â€Å"single,† â€Å"solitary,† â€Å"by herself,† and â€Å"alone,† while the reader is commanded three times in the first stanza:— Behold . . . Stop . . . . listen.Wordsworth’s method has the indirect quality of the meditative mode similar to that attributed by Conrad to Marlow’s tale in The Heart of Darkness: â€Å"The yarns of seamen have a direct simplicity, the whole meaning of which lies within the shell of a cracked nut. But Marlow was not typical (if his propensity to spin yarns be excepted), and to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel 94 GEOFFREY J. FINCH but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze, in the likeness of one of those misty halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine. I am not suggesting that â€Å"The Solitary Reaper† is mysterious in the sense that Marlow’s tale is, but simply that Wordsworth’s poem is of a kind that does not obviously state what it is about. We learn nothing material about the girl or the song she sings. The poem has an indefinite, imprecise suggestiveness which only on reflection crystallizes into a precise meaning. Wordsworth skilfully manages to arouse the reader’s interest without completely satisfying it.The form of the poem in its use of the present and past tenses balances the vividness of the incident against its fundamental remoteness. If we approach the poem, then, with the idea of getting at the kernel inside, it will elude us. The real meaning lies in the outer shell of Wordsworth’s own response. 3 The poem begins, as Ingli James notes, with an arresting tone, to which the present tense gives a heightened sense of immediacy. But â€Å"Behold† does more than this. It has an archaic biblical ring about it, and as such adds dignity and weight to the command.Together with the measured movement of the rhythm it conveys the feeling of powerful admiration. The girl’s solitariness obviously fascinates Wordsworth, but it is not simply that she endures an existential aloneness that is common to all. The girl has a quality of â€Å"apartness† or distinctiveness that is best conveyed by the word â€Å"single. † The metrical regularity of â€Å"reaping and singing† and â€Å"cuts and binds† suggests the rhythmic style of her labour. She is working to the accompaniment of her song.She clearly is absorbed, but not simply in the ordinary sense of absorption. It is important to notice that she does not stop to sing, for the song is not only an accompaniment to her work but in some way is linked to the hard, unremitting nature of her lot. The girl, the reaping and her song are fused in the poet’s con- WORDSWORTH’S SOLITARY SONG 95 templation. She is not an instance of alienation, but of belonging. Nevertheless, although the singer belongs to her labour and her environment, she is distinguished from it i n the mind of the poet by the sound of her voice. The quality of its music is suggested in the last two lines in which the tone of command in â€Å"Behold† and â€Å"Stop† has softened to an almost reverential appeal, † O listen. † Together with the soft s’s, f’s, and l’s, and the open vowels of â€Å"sound,† â€Å"profound,† it conveys the exceptional sweetness of the song. Thus the stanza moves from a simple contemplation of the girl to what is going to be the essential concern of the poet; the beauty of the song in which the girl and her work are transfigured.She is a type of the artist forging from humble material a sweet sound, a preserver of joy, and it is in this that her â€Å"apartness† lies. She is fundamentally a creator and as such deserves the awe with which Wordsworth contemplates her. The first stanza then, establishes certain paradoxes which the rest of the poem explores. In this way Wordsworth implicitly suggests to the reader the synthesizing quali ty of the aesthetic response, in which opposites are held together. The girl is apparently ordinary yet distinctive; she is alone and yet there is no sense of alienation; her song is sad but it produces pleasure.The imagination of the poet creates a unity out of disparate elements, and the remaining three stanzas of the poem each explore a different aspect of this unity. In the second stanza, Wordsworth’s imagination expands beyond the narrow confines of the Highland setting to suggest a strange exotic quality about the song; â€Å"shady haunt† and â€Å"Among A r a bian sands† do not bring to mind the arid wastes of the real Arabia, but the eastern romance of the kind invoked by Pope in † A n d all Arabia breathes from yonder B o x † (The Rape of the Lock, Canto I, 1. 34). The imagination, as Wordsworth frequently tells us, is not passive in appreciation, but active. The senses â€Å"half create† the object of perception (â€Å"Tintern Abbey,† 11. 106-8), so that it is the 96 GEOFFREY J. FINCH poet as listener who completes the song of the girl. It absorbs him, and becomes a fundamentally aesthetic mode of communication in which the poet joins with the girl, her song and her work. The use of the archaism â€Å"chaunt† is significant here.It is clearly convenient because it rhymes with â€Å"haunt† — and perhaps Wordsworth is also using the secondary meaning of â€Å"haunt† to suggest the haunting quality of the song — but more than this, the archaism avoids the impression of mechanical utterance in â€Å"chant† and with its richer vowel sound indicates the fulness of the music. The nightingale image then conveys the richness of the song and the sense of wonder aroused in the poet. The cuckoo image, however, alters the perspective.The nightingale’s song is restful and welcoming i n a luxuriant sense, and it is interesting here to note the way i n which the run-on lines throw the voice forward on to the significant phra se â€Å"Among Arabian sands,† but the cuckoo’s is † t h r i l l i n g † and dramatic; it takes us from the east to the far north. The rhythm picks up speed and gives to the lines a buoyant, vibrant quality. We associate â€Å"springtime† of course with the awakening of life, with activity and movement, not with rest. This meaning is vividly rendered by the stress on â€Å"Breaking. The voice breaks into the quietness of the line — â€Å"the silence of the seas† — creating ripples, like a stone dropped into a still pond. We have then, in stanza two, a further series of paradoxes which expand the significance of the song; it is both exciting and peaceful, dramatic and yet exquisite; it makes Wordsworth think of the warmth of the east as well as the cold austerity of the north; and finally, and perhaps most interestingly of all, it seems spontaneous, a thing of nature like the songs of the nightingale and cuckoo, but yet it is the product of human endeavour.The reaper’s song, like all important art, represents a form of human distinctiveness in which the marks of conscious effo rt are hidden. F o r the poet it is the apex at which art tips over into nature, providing for both singer and listener a uniquely human naturalness. WORDSWORTH’S SOLITARY SONG 97 Stanza three explores yet another dimension of the girl’s song. Putting it briefly, in the second stanza Wordsworth’s imagination extends in space; in the third it extends in time. The reiteration in â€Å"old,† â€Å"far-off,† and â€Å"long ago† arouses the impression of vast ages of time, receding backwards into the mists of history.The girl’s song suggest to Wordsworth the grand scale of time. Not only this; it would seem that if the song arouses a present joy, it does so paradoxically by perpetuating the memory of past unhappiness. But the most important aspect of Wordsworth’s speculation that the subject matter is something secreted in the history of the girl’s race, is that it implies that the song has the impersonal quality of art. This is interesting because the suggestion in the second half of the stanza touches on a quite different aspect of the song. Wordsworth realised, I think, that an historical subject matter has an intrinsic romantic sweetness about it. † A n d battles long ago† is reminiscent of a child’s storybook. But there is for Wordsworth a powerful hint of real † p a i n † about the song. Whilst the first half then suggests the typical impersonal quality of the traditional ballad, the second half intimates the presence of a strongly felt personal element in the song, which moves the poet to ask whether it concerns the girl’s own life. â€Å"Humble,† â€Å"familiar,† and â€Å"natural,† balance â€Å"old,† â€Å"far-off,† and â€Å"long ago. The rhetorical repetition in â€Å"sorrow,† â€Å"loss,† and â€Å"pain,† in which the focus gets sharper, and the sombre reflection in the last line â€Å"and may be again,† create the powerful impression of a continuing unhappiness. In the third stanza, then, we are presented wit h different perspectives, which, as in the previous stanza, arouse the reader’s awareness of the strangely paradoxical quality of the song. In the first half the girl is dwarfed by the impression of a vast time scale, whilst in the second half the lens is adjusted to a close-up view of the girl’s own situation.The inherently romantic element of the traditional ballad is balanced by the implication of genuine personal grief. The song is both impersonal and personal. 98 GEOFFREY J. FINCH Its beauty represents a triumph, but whilst it preserves joy it also keeps alive the sense of sadness. The song in fact has for the poet a multiple suggestiveness. It no longer seems to be a particular song but to have the larger inclusiveness of art itself. In the final stanza the questions raised by Wordsworth are left, and we return completely to the world of the poet.The poem has been in the nature of a flashback, a few moments of contemplative intensity which leave the poet and the reader with the final enigma as to what the song is really about. The song itself continues as if belonging to an external world — â€Å"as if her song could have no ending† —†¢ but the poet belongs to the world of time. It is true that he bears the music in his heart and in this sense it is timeless. Nevertheless, there is the unmistakable ring of sadness, a kind of â€Å"dying-fall† about the last line † L o n g after it was heard no more. † The final paradox of the poem is that beauty must essentially be remote.Hence I think in Wordsworth’s case his wistful fascination with the solitary girl and her song. In a sense he is writing about his own solitariness, about his feeling of being left out. They belong to a world which the poet can contemplate and even briefly enter, but never finally possess, yet it is only because of this that the song, and consequently Wordsworth’s poem, can achieve the profoundly moving, yet fundamentally impersonal quality of all creative art. The point is made clearer in Wordsworth’s final summation of his attitude as listener: â€Å"I listened, motionless and still. The repetition is not only designed to tell us that he did not move. The effect of the music was not simply to make him keep still, but to set the emotions at rest. The line itself, with its calm stately movement, underlines the sense of tranquillity. In spite of the song’s dramatic quality its final effect is one of serenity. The movement of Wordsworth’s imagination is both towards and away from the object of contemplation. In the second WORDSWORTH’S SOLITARY SONG 99 stanza we have a powerful imaginative identification of the poet with the girl’s song in which the circle of girl, poet and song is closed.In the third stanza, Wordsworth has moved back to the position of bystander: † W i l l no one tell me . . . .† Finally, the poet is content not to know â€Å"Whate’er the theme . . . ,† and it is because he stands both inside and outside the world of the song, and because the poem balances the urge to possess against the need to let be, that Wordsworth’s final aesthetic experience is â€Å"static,† in the sense in which Stephen Daedalus uses the word in Joyce’s A Portrait of The Artist as a Young Man: â€Å"I mean that the tragic emotion is static. Or rather the dramatic emotion is.The feelings excited by improper art are kinetic, desire or loathing. Desire urges us to possess, to go to something; loathing urges us to abandon, to go from something. The arts which excite them, pornographical or didactic, are therefore improper arts. The esthetic emotion (I used the general term) is therefore static. The mind is arrested and raised above desire and loathing. † Wordsworth’s response moves from an appreciation of the song’s quality, to an apprehension of its formal unity as music. It is not only the poet who is † s t i l l . The reaper’s song has the stillness of Eliot’s Chinese jar which â€Å"Moves perpetually in its stillness† (â€Å"Burnt Norton,† V, 6-7). 4 Both Eliot and Joyce are talking about the kind of tranquil intensity — â€Å"the mind is arrested† — which Wordsworth is contemplating and also experiencing in his poem. In the poet’s case however, it is an experience reached not through â€Å"desire and loathing,† but through the contrary movement of the imagination. Paradox is central to this movement because it suggests the substance of Wordsworth’s own aesthetic response.The suspension of activity which he experiences is reached not through lack of emotion but through the very force of it. Aesthetic experience, the poem implies, is at its deepest level the moment when the urge for identity is held against the sense of 100 GEOFFREY J. FINCH separateness. Interestingly, Lawrence was to make the same point about sexual love in its most ecstatic moments, but perhaps Wordsworth’s lines point forward most surely to T. S. Eliot’s â€Å"still point† where â€Å"the dance i s † (â€Å"Burnt Norton,† II, 63), and where for a fragment of life the human condition is transfigured in a vision of unity. In conclusion then, Wordsworth’s â€Å"The Solitary Reaper† is a poem in which the main subject is more than its apparent subject matter. It defines for us the nature and substance of aesthetic enjoyment, but it does so by resisting the urge to define. In contemplating the reaper and her song Wordsworth was clearly drawn in kinship to a fellow creator. He was contemplating not simply another song, but what he considered to be true art, and his poem is surely the best vindication of the human importance of such singing. How to cite The Solitary Reaper, Papers

Pride and Prejudice Research Paper free essay sample

During Jane Austen’s time, in the early 1800’s, women were around to be married off, bear children, and cater to their man. Men were meant to work and instruct their women, and the more money you had, the more respected you were. A woman’s goal in life was to marry higher than her class, and social status was everything. History often has a way of repeating itself, whether that history is bad or good, and Austen was not oblivious to this fact. She created a novel to portray the ways of her time, and to appropriately criticize her era where criticism was due. Austen’s Pride and Prejudice effectively opposes the conservative views of her time through her diction and plot throughout the novel in order to inform readers of the idiocy of acting in a non-progressive manner. The point of view in Pride and Prejudice is free indirect discourse; the story is told through Elizabeth, but not in first person. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result, the events in the novel lack much drama or emotion. According to Maria Rosa Menocal on JSTOR, â€Å"The atmosphere is intellectual and cold, and there is not much detail or warmth throughout the novel. The darkness and bland mood that results from Austen’s use of free indirect discourse can be a representation of Austen’s negative opinion towards what is going on in the novel. Austen obviously disagrees with the conservative values of her era, and finds it repulsive to look for marriage or any kind of fulfillment based on money or social class. The actions and events in the novel derive from the opinions, ideas, and attitudes of the characters and their society, which essentially advances the plot of the novel. The emotions in the novel are open for interpretation by the audience, since they are not expressed to readers directly. Austen’s brilliance is revealed in her novel, as she is able to relay such a complex message to her audience while still using such simplistic style. The way Austen starts her novel is almost enough to prove that Pride and Prejudice is in fact a progressive novel. The novel starts out, â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (3). According to The Literature Network website, â€Å"In this statement, Austen has cleverly done three things: she has declared that the main subject of the novel will be courtship and marriage, she has established the humorous tone of the novel by taking a simple subject to elaborate and to speak intelligently of, and she has prepared the reader for a chase in the novel of either a husband in search of a wife, or a women in pursuit of a husband. † Austen’s use of sarcasm and satire in this opening statement already enables readers to know that she is taking an opposing stance on conservatism and the way that things are â€Å"supposed to be. The first line sets the mood and easily defines the author’s purpose for the rest of the novel. Austen is against the emphasis on man in his social environment rather than in his individual conditions, and this is clear to readers from the beginning just by reading the very first sentence. Although the vast majority of the cha racters in the novel have a conservative view on life, Austen’s indirect criticism of these characters actually proves that she does not agree with them, therefore making her literary work progressive. Elizabeth’s mother, Mrs. Bennet can arguably be considered one of the most conservative characters in the novel. At the beginning of the novel, Mrs. Bennet excitedly reports to her husband, â€Å"A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! † (3). At this point in the novel, Mrs. Bennet knows absolutely nothing about this man that she is more than willing to let one of her daughters go off with, other than his income and the existence of his wealth; yet she is still certain that it is a fantastic idea for one of her daughters to end up with him. It is extremely relevant that Mrs. Bennet pays no mind to which daughter should be with him- it simply does not matter to her. She takes no time to think of which daughter may like him best or if any of them will even like him at all. She is primarily concerned with the surface level issues of her society, and the importance of marrying well in society without regard to the compatibility of the two people. All that matters to Mrs. Bennet is social ranking, wealth, and marriage. While these are all extreme conservative views, Austen is actually mocking Mrs. Bennet with the exaggerative manner in which she has Mrs. Bennet go about life. Austen describes Mrs. Bennet as â€Å"a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented she fancies herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news† (4). A woman of â€Å"little information† can only mean a woman without much of a brain or smarts. The fact that Austen would describe a character with such conservative views as an ignorant being proves that Austen’s goal of Pride and Prejudice was to stray away from conservative teachings and move forward in a progressive manner. The idea of marrying for love versus money majorly comes into play throughout this novel. It can definitely be argued that this is indeed a conservative novel because almost everyone’s intentions throughout the story are to marry for convenience, wealth, and social status. However, it can also be argued that Austen’s exact opinions and viewpoints are expressed through Elizabeth’s actions and beliefs. A well-known and respected literary critic of Austen, Claudia L. Johnson, explains, â€Å"In all of Austen’s novels, but especially Pride and Prejudice, pursuing happiness is the business of life† (349). Elizabeth is one of the few characters to actually realize that she does not want a life of convenience or wealth- she just wants to be happy. This stance is very different from most of the opinions of those around her during her time period. In a Jane Austen magazine, author Laura Boyle states in her article, â€Å"In the first volume, Darcy is â€Å"bewitched† by Elizabeth Bennet, but in the second he loses her. The third volume starts with his coming to a mature love for her and he wins his bride. Austen does not show us romantic tenderness in Pride and Prejudice from Elizabeth for much of the novel. † The action of Mr. Darcy â€Å"losing† Elizabeth is a very non-conservative one. In an ideal conservative situation, a man of wealth would never, under any circumstance, lose any woman, and especially one that he is actually interested in. By the end of the novel, Elizabeth does indeed marry Mr. Darcy for nothing other than love, and complete happiness has been achieved through true love and feelings, which is a very progressive notion. Essayist Diana Francis of Ball State University reflects about the ending of Pride and Prejudice, â€Å"Austen means to critique the shallow definition of a suitable marriage, one in which love or even compatibility plays no part, and makes the statement that wealth certainly does not necessarily equate to manners, intelligence, or class. † Before Elizabeth really knew Mr. Darcy or had any feelings for him, she denied his marriage proposal and wanted no part of it. It was not until she truly wanted to be with him and developed deep feelings for him that the marriage worked out and was able to take place. The fact that Austen would not let the most sensible character of the novel, Elizabeth, marry until she wanted to shows the audience where she stands on marriages occurring for anything other than love, which is a very progressive take on the matter. Other types of marriage, such as marriages out of convenience or sole sexual attraction are also addressed in the novel. Although the audience knows almost nothing of how Mr. and Mrs. Bennet got together, it can be inferred by their conversations at the beginning of the novel that their marriage was similar to the relationship between Lydia and Wickham. Mr. Bennet married a woman that he found sexually attractive while overlooking the fact that she was just a plain stupid woman. At the beginning of the novel, Mr. Bennet says, â€Å"You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will still be better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you best of the party† (3). The only compliment that Mr. Bennet ever really gives his wife is about her looks, which is a very superficial and surface level thing. He has nothing other than that to really explain why he married her or why he is still with her. She provides him with satisfaction of his sexual needs, and he provides her with stability; alas, a marriage of convenience and sexual attraction. Paula Cohen says in her scholarly journal, â€Å"Although Austen gently parodies the young girls awkward entree into her role, she clearly supports, in this novel, the conventional initiation process as proper to female development. Indeed, the brunt of the novels satire is directed at those who, as poor role models, would not seek either wittingly or unwittingly to thwart her progress or pervert it to some other end than that of being pleasing and useful to the man whom she will eventually marry. Austen is very much against women making their life goal to get married and please a man. She mocks and indirectly criticizes every female character in the novel that falls under this category, thus revealing her opinion on the subject matter. Mrs. Bennet’s favoritism towards Lydia, the most out of control and foolish of the sisters, and her comments on how she was once as â€Å"full of life† as Lydia reveals the similarities between them. Mr. Bennet’s comment on Wickham being his favorite son-in-law is also significant in the sense that similarities can be revealed about them as well. Mr. Bennet’s self-realization near the end of the novel when he discovers that his lack of attention towards his family had led them to be the people that they had turned into came too late to change anything. Overturning the conservative values of her time, Austen shows that the man will not always â€Å"save† the woman- men can also do wrong and portray a weak character, and are just as likely to mess up as a woman. It is no coincidence that the two characters presumed to be two of the dumbest characters in the novel would end up together. It is also rather interesting and no coincidence either that one of the two protagonist characters of the story, Mr. Darcy, was inspired by a man that Austen knew in real life. According to the New York Times, Ben Sisario reports, â€Å"A portrait of the man believed to have inspired the character of Mr. Darcy in Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† is going on sale†¦ Thomas Lefroy†¦ born in Ireland, met Austen in 1796, when both were in their early 20s. They had a flirtation, and Lefroy, whose family was poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although this man that Austen met came from no wealth, he was still the inspiration for the character with the most sense and progressive views in the novel, therefore revealing to the audience that Austen had no regards for wealth or superficial values in a relationship, thus enabling her to go against the conservative views of her time yet again. Because Elizabeth is so sharp and such an observer of other people, she recognizes her mothers silliness and vows to never have the same life or â€Å"love† as her parents. This stubbornness of Elizabeth’s, however, is paradoxically a trap in itself; by going solely by her own observations and always against and refusing the opinions of others, Elizabeth threatens her future life and love with Mr. Darcy. Critics in favor of a â€Å"conservative† Austen can easily say that this particular point of the plot of the novel represents an opposing view to progressivism, since when a woman finally speaks up and makes her own decisions, she messes up her life and ruins her own happiness. Another well-known and respected literary critic, Marilyn Butler, believes, â€Å"The more one examines the novel the more difficult it becomes to read into it authorial approval of the element in Elizabeth which is rebellious† (321). While this may seem true on the surface, there is a deeper message here to read into. Although Austen was writing her novel to attack conservatism, she was still well aware that most likely no change would come from her writings or beliefs. Her time period was not really prone to taking a progressive view on anything, and making any kind of a step in the direction towards a freer and non-conservative life style would probably not happen. Austen portrays this realization through the slight surrender of Elizabeth when she accepts Mr. Darcy’s marriage proposal. However, this was not a full surrender, as Elizabeth only accepted his proposal because she truly loved him and wanted to be married to him. The act itself of Elizabeth and Mr.

s Health Care Environment

China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien... 's Health Care Environment Free Essays on China\'s Health Care Environment China’s Health Care Environment China health care system is divided into two main components The Rural Health Protection System and the Urban Health Protection System which differ according to the need of the populations located in each category. China was the first major country in the world to create community financing programs that covered the rural population nationwide. This system is called the Rural Cooperative Medical System or CMS which primarily served to fund and organize prevention, primary care, and secondary health care for the rural population. The system developed in the 1950’s established access to basic drugs and primary health care by paying doctors to deliver care, provide drugs, and partially reimbursed patients for services received at township and county facilities. The Urban Health Protection System for China’s urban workers was established in the early 1950’s and contains two primary divisions. The two divisions are the Government Insurance Scheme or GIS and the Labor insurance Scheme or LIS. The Government Insurance Scheme covers government employees, retirees, disabled veterans, and university teachers and students. The Labor Insurance Scheme covers state enterprise employees, retirees and their dependents. Only enterprises owned and managed by central or provincial governments with less than 100 employees have the option not to participate in the health plan. The Smaller state enterprises and industries owned by county or town governments can provide LIS on a voluntary basis. Each year each participating state-owned enterprises contributes approximately 11-14% of total wages as a welfare fund to finance health expenditures incurred by beneficiaries for the LIS. Currently, health care is free to citizens in this category whenever they see a doctor, however they are actually paying for doctors in the form of taxes and not on a as needed basis. Additionally, registration fees, nutrien...

Ibm Case Studies Essays

Ibm Case Studies Essays Ibm Case Studies Essay Ibm Case Studies Essay IBM Global Business Services White Paper Strategy and Change Business Strategy for Cloud Providers The Case for Potential Cloud Services Providers 2 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers This is one paper of a two paper series on cloud strategy from IBM Global Business Services Abstract Cloud computing has the potential to be the next major driver of business innovation, as it promises to enable new business models and services across almost all industries, especially telecommunications, healthcare and government. For some providers, cloud delivery models will open access to new customer segments such as small business and emerging markets. And it will fundamentally change the balance of power in many existing markets. However, as with any technology-driven change, it is difficult to sort out the reality from the hype. And even when the technology is real, being able to capitalize on it with a winning strategy is difficult. Very few companies emerged as clear winners from the dot-com wave compared with the many more that failed. The same will be true of the cloud market. But for the companies that are successful, the rewards will be equally as large. This paper is focused on helping those who want to emerge as winners in the new cloud provider marketplace. We have assessed service provider business models for cloud computing by evaluating services/offerings, strategies, operations and target customers. We believe the recipe for success will require exploring all of these factors coupled with the right partnership strategy. This paper explores the following areas for cloud providers: What are the key attributes of a winning cloud provider business strategy and model? Creating a viable business model through balancing up-front investment risk and cost with profit and revenue opportunities is the key to success for cloud providers. How can partnering across the ecosystem accelerate my success? Both cloud computing and new associated ecosystems are evolving. Providers are partnering in ways that are helping them to accelerate market entry and to expand their breadth of services, which is driving new alliances in some markets. What are the implications if I do not act now? Some service providers must move to cloud delivery models in the near term to survive; others can leverage clouds to differentiate and thrive. Cloud has the potential to become the next major driver of business innovation by enabling entirely new business models across a wide range of industries. The cloud computing market will include offerings sold as a service such as business processes, software, platform, and infrastructure. And many of these cloud services will be consumed through a pay-per-usage pricing model. The cloud market is appealing to new entrants not only because of its size and growth, but also due to the business potential it brings to a company. Cloud providers benefit by accessing new customers and markets, improving their deployment times, potentially lower their costs and achieving new revenue streams. IBM Global Business Services 3 Already, companies are entering the field and the race is underway to determine who will become industry leaders through the use of new delivery models to provide enhanced or even brand new types of customer value. As with any rapidly emerging business segment, the key is to move beyond the business hype and to develop and scale a winning business model. For potential provider of cloud services, seeing through the hype can be difficult. The current opportunity and growth projections are enticing, but one first needs to develop a robust strategy to succeed as a cloud service provider. While much of the skepticism around cloud computing has subsided, some reports theorize that cloud computing will eventually fade, similar to previous evolutions in computing such as grid computing and utility computing. However, unlike previous generations of computing, cloud computing offers a distinctly new level of scalability and a new degree of business value made possible by the maturation of technologies and standards. Scalability results in a host of benefits that will make cloud computing a permanent shift in the how products and services are delivered. Many analysts and IT industry experts are bullish about cloud computing, and are forecasting robust, double-digit annual growth. The market potential for cloud computing is forecasted to be $66B1 by 2012 for software, platform and infrastructure as a service; adding business process as a service and cloud support services could push the total cloud market to well over $100B. 2 While the market size can be debated, we believe that analysts are directionally right about the significant market potential for cloud computing due to four primary reasons: Cloud’s strong value proposition for existing business users of IT. Cloud enables providers to access entirely new markets. Cloud is aligned with broader technology trends and demand. Cloud technology is real. Reality or Hype? The Real Potential of Cloud Companies in many industries are considering entering the cloud market as providers, especially in the communications services provider, government and healthcare industries. Government organizations also see the impact on cost and quality that cloud can have. But what is the true market potential, and within industry, what type of business models will generate growth and profit? Aggregate cloud opportunity for consumption and enablement is estimated to be greater than $100B in five years. 2 4 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Strong Value Proposition for Existing Business Users of IT Information technology, including infrastructure, applications, operations, maintenance or management, has become a major for large enterprises. And the demand for all types of IT is forecasted to grow as the digital and physical words become increasingly interconnected and provide the opportunity for new capabilities and services. One of cloud computing’s core benefits is reduction of IT costs. In IBM Research, the Cloud Labs research team has shown that cloud architecture can increase the IT server or other component utilization up to 75% and reduce IT labor costs by 50% or more. In addition, cloud offers new ways to shield users from the ever-growing complexity of managing an IT infrastructure. These are key benefits that potential cloud providers can deliver to their customers. Access to Entirely New Markets Cloud delivery models open up entirely new markets for companies where existing delivery models don’t facilitate access to these markets. Today’s enterprise IT model is designed for larger companies in mature markets with robust data centers and IT departments. Cloud computing provides access to enterpriselevel IT for companies, including small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and larger companies in emerging markets who otherwise could not afford to invest in enterprise-level IT. Now, these businesses can reap the benefits of a sophisticated IT model without having to invest in it themselves. Cloud computing’s flexible delivery model also makes the minimum unit of purchase more granular. Now, organizations can purchase software by the hour, rather than on a per license, or acquire server space by the size and time period, rather than per server. Cloud computing providers can capitalize on these factors contributing to growing demand for IT and start generating new revenue streams using these new delivery models. Alignment with Broad Technology Adoption Patterns Today, regulatory requirements around data security and archival are creating the need for significant data storage. Procuring, managing and securing archival systems is particularly critical in industries such as healthcare, financial services and pharmaceuticals. Looking ahead, the amount of data generated worldwide in 2012 will be nearly five times the amount generated in 2008. And the need to access, retrieve and use that data shows no sign of slowing. Cloud will become the favored medium for file and archival storage, particularly for large files that must be stored but are not regularly accessed. In healthcare, medical records are receiving billions of US dollars in public investment5 and will rapidly grow in adoption. Cloud storage will make it easier and more affordable for healthcare providers to maintain electronic records, an objective that could be otherwise unreachable for many industry providers. Cloud delivery models open up entirely new markets for companies where existing delivery models don’t facilitate access to these markets. IBM Global Business Services 5 In the entertainment industry, movie distribution has begun to benefit from the cloud. Instead of sending tapes through the mail, movie distribution houses have started to stream movies to multiplexes for projection. This protects against piracy for film producers and reduces risk for multiplex owners who can now buy streaming service on a per-show basis from distributors. Cloud Technology is Real While large and small customers across a diverse set of industries and geographies are benefiting from the technology driving cloud, only recently are standards emerging to support this technology. Cloud users value easy migration of data and applications from one cloud provider to another. Recently a new services management standards body, Open Cloud Standards Incubator (OCSI), was formed. OCSI is a group of cloud providers, and some users, who are collaborating to define interoperable standards for cloud delivery models. Cloud users, IT governance bodies and existing standards organizations must participate in the creation of these standards to ensure that vendors do not dominate the standards creation process. By embracing these standards, providers are more likely to gain credibility in the cloud ecosystem. Winning Business Models for Cloud Providers To win in the cloud market requires an innovative business strategy and business model. The strategies must reflect a rethinking of market fundamentals and truly envision new models to better serve customers. We will see a wide range of cloud business models emerge over the next few years, and most of these will likely fail. Of the ones that survive, the profitability of the business models will vary greatly. A few winning business models will maintain healthy profit margins while others will find themselves relegated to much smaller, commodity-based profit margins. Today, no one knows for certain what will be the winning model. But we do know how various models are taking shape. There are four key components that define cloud business models: Cloud Delivered Services – what you sell. Target Markets – to whom you sell it. Strategy – the overall game plan to create long-term value. Operations – how to create and deliver what you sell. Providers who encourage open standards, non-legacy technologies, easy migration and collaboration are likely to gain the most credibility. Cloud Delivered Services The first component of a cloud provider strategy is to clearly outline the service that will be offered. Most cloud enabled solutions will have four layers in their â€Å"solution stack†: Content Process and applications Integration and middleware Infrastructure and devices 6 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers A winning cloud strategy must clearly outline the competitive advantage for each layer. A single company does not have to be the owner or operator of all four solution layers. Hence, a key part of developing a cloud strategy is to define which component(s) you will provide and which components will be provided by a business partner. We expect partnershipbased business models to be the norm within the cloud market, and as a result there will be a sub-market at each layer of the solution stack. These sub-markets are commonly classified as the following: In addition to direct cloud services, there is a wide range of support cloud services and components typically offered by outside providers, such as consulting firms, but also delivered by cloud service providers themselves. These services include training and consulting. For example, SalesForce. com offers training and consulting to complement its SaaS and PaaS offerings. This category can also include suppliers of hardware components. In a few years, many large enterprises will be building or planning to build private and hybrid clouds. This will further spur demand for cloud consulting, implementation and management services. Target Markets There are many potential target markets for cloud adoption. Most current cloud providers narrow down their respective markets to some combination of the following segments: Industry or Functional Verticals among Large Enterprises. Businesss include payroll, printing and e-commerce from providers such as ADP. Software as a Service (SaaS). Deliver a standardized application running on a cloud infrastructure, with multitenancy, accessible from various client devices through a thin client nterface such as a Web browser (e. g. , web-based email). Platform as a Service (PaaS). Build and deploy new internally developed applications onto cloud infrastructure, exposing services needed to build an effective application including billing and sign-on services. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Obtain processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources as a service where the consumer is able to deploy and run elements of the stack, such as operating system s, on the infrastructure service. While currently focused more on internal cloud enablement, some large enterprises will migrate toward adopting shared cloud verticals that reduce cost or risk in areas that are important to the business, but are not key sources of differentiation, such as back office functions or regulatory compliance. For example, pharmaceutical companies could join forces via an industry vertical cloud focused on regulatory compliance to drive cost savings and efficiency. SMBs (These are abridged definitions; see the appendix for formal definitions). Many workloads offer the least pain and most significant gain for the SMB segment. Cloud providers are targeting smaller customers who can benefit from cloud’s compelling economies of scale, and who are less hindered by large, existing IT capabilities. Financial services companies have strong relationships with their customers, and could use this delivery model for business services. IBM Global Business Services 7 Emerging Markets (see sidebar) With limited resources, customers in developing markets will respond to the lower up-front investment costs and ability to scale service consumption in times of growth. For example, automotive manufacturers could use cloud to reach dealerships in distant markets. Other Cloud Providers Buying Decisions in Emerging Markets Countries who lack traditional enterprise IT model now have the opportunity to get access to enterprise-quality infrastructure and applications through a more easily accessible and affordable cloud-based consumption model. Of course, not all emerging markets are alike. Cultural differences will affect the likelihood and pace of business and IT cloud service adoption. Some cultures will quickly embrace the opportunities presented by cloud, while others, who can equally benefit from the leapfrog potential that cloud offers, will apply their risk-averse buying approach and wait for the business to drive the purchase decision. As one former Indian CIO explained to IBM, â€Å"in my culture, we don’t just want to ‘kick the tires,’ we want to drive them for 10,000 kilometers before we buy. † Despite documented benefits, a senior IT manager for another company in India said he was not in a position to push his company toward cloud until the business asked for it. This ‘prove it to me first’ mentality leads to an adoption waiting game characterized by IT understanding the economic and technical benefits of cloud, but not being in a position to drive the purchase decision. In fact, that challenge is not unique to emerging markets. Providers need to understand who the buyer (business or IT decision maker) is for their cloud services and tailor their pricing models to accommodate buyer preference to test proven models before taking perceived risks. Cloud services can serve as building blocks, where a provider sells one cloud service to another cloud provider to construct a larger service offering. IaaS providers often align with SaaS providers to jointly deliver a more comprehensive cloud service. Consumers Mobile devices, online email and other consumer services benefit from numerous new applications made available through cloud delivery models. In segmenting their customer base, cloud service providers for payroll, collaboration, sales force automation, application development and test environments are seeing opportunities in organizations of all sizes. During this early adoption period, large enterprises are embracing only a few types of public cloud-based services, instead favoring private or â€Å"in-enterprise† clouds. But demand is rising for public cloud services around HR benefits, procurement, e-commerce, data warehousing and archiving. Large enterprises are also interested in building or renting public services of ‘overflow clouds’ to be able to transition ad-hoc workloads and short term projects to a cloud environment. We are seeing that SMBs are more interested in website hosting, email, accounting, expense management and operations. Cloud computing also is more suitable for organizations with mobile workforce across multiple locations, such as global companies with offices in emerging markets. With cloud, these organizations take less time to set up and manage operations than they otherwise would have taken. 8 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Strategy Service provider strategies need to address pricing models, go-to-market approaches, business intent and value propositions, in addition to defining services and customers. Current cloud providers are capitalizing on first-mover advantage. They are delivering services, learning from their mistakes, and capturing market share along the way. Some of their success has been at the expense of traditional players who have not ventured into the cloud marketplace. For newer entrants, their value in the cloud provider ecosystem can be defined through some combination of access to customers, reliability, technology innovation, or integration efficiency. Successful providers will define their niche and stick with it. One of the defining aspects of cloud computing is pay-per-use pricing models. However, variations are possible within this basic tenet of cloud. For example, some providers will find that their brand and reputation will allow them to price based on value delivered from their services, rather than purely based on hourly usage rates. The challenge is determining how to measure this value and how to capture that value through pricing. Another alternative is to offer tiered pricing based on volume of services consumed, with â€Å"unlimited† possible as the largest available unit. Strategic customers will command better pricing and higher levels of service. Some cloud providers are offering cloud-based services directly to customers. Others are acting as enablers and integrators by providing their products and services as building blocks for other cloud service providers to then sell to their own customers. Another consideration in the go-to-market strategy is targeting the right decision maker for the particular type of service delivered. Providers should tailor their offerings and value proposition based on the target buyer. Cloud providers can deploy new services to their customers in days rather than months which will help differentiate cloud providers and get them conversations with business executives in addition to IT buyers. While most of the messaging around cloud computing today focuses on IT benefits and cost savings, the real business impact of cloud computing is what makes this delivery model transformational. Because the technology behind cloud lowers investment costs, provides ubiquitous access and minimizes the granularity of purchase units, cloud is enabling businesses to innovate and renovate in new ways. Companies can innovate by adopting new business models or renovate with lower cost service consumption models. Operations The operations component of a cloud business model includes the development of key elements needed to deliver business services via the cloud. This includes business operations and financial reporting designed to be more agile by more quickly engaging customers, tailoring services to fit customer needs, pricing for smaller units of a service, and establishing a viable financial model. The operating model of the business strategy defines the sourcing model, partnership strategy, and deployment plan for the development of these capabilities. Many providers are pursuing strategic partnerships to round out their capabilities and achieve the operational requirements associated with rapid service delivery. Alliances and partnerships are often keys to success in the cloud ecosystem. IBM Global Business Services 9 Many cloud providers will likely come and go, so clear partnership agreements are necessary to protect the relationship, mitigate risks, share the investment requirements and ensure continuity of service to customers. As the cloud ecosystem evolves, we are seeing this fragmented market converge via partnerships and eventually through mergers and acquisitions. An example of these alliances is with British Telecom and their software partners. 6 In time, we expect to see the competitive landscape evolving with more new players emerging, as others converge into larger, more integrated players. Winning Business Models Given the numerous ways providers can combine these four business model elements into their unique cloud provider strategy, selecting the optimal business model can be challenging. Certainly, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† business model. Potential cloud providers are emerging from a broad set of technology sectors, communications, media and other market segments, including device manufacturers, network providers, content distributors, IT and application outsourcing providers and more. Providers can deliver services directly to cloud users, or sell technologies or services that enable clouds to other providers. Here are some examples of provider types: Component Suppliers (providers of hardware, software or professional cloud-based services to other cloud providers) As a supplier to other cloud providers, these companies will acquire or invent new technologies. They are likely to invest in research and pursue mergers to develop new capabilities that can help to deliver differentiated cloud-enabling offerings, improve integration skills, enhance security, and reduce commoditization risk through improvements in customer service. Suppliers working on technologies supporting hybrid clouds, cloud integration and specific industry solutions are likely to be better positioned in the cloud ecosystem. Cloud-based IT Outsourcing Providers (providers of cloud-based IT infrastructure, application services and migration assistance for customers) These providers are balancing the trade off between investing in up-front expense for traditional migration rather than paying over time for cloud-based service. They can improve profitability as result of high asset utilization and lower system and application management costs. These services will be delivered by partnerships between business process outsourcing and SaaS providers. As cloud service offerings in this space mature, these providers will likely be able to deliver a better ROI to their customers than pure SaaS providers will be able to do. Business processes supported by cloud that are fairly standard from one organization to another, such as customer relationship management, payroll processing, recruitment, accounting, and personnel are likely to be adopted first by enterprise customers. SaaS Aggregators (aggregators of industry-specific or complementary SaaS offerings) These providers will earn their revenue as percentage of SaaS sales. They will target companies who look for one-stop shopping for SaaS adoption. This model supports the early movers and extensive partner support. Smaller and newer players can prosper in specific industry verticals that have unique business process and application requirements. It is important for them to aggregate complimentary solutions that make up the full solution suite. In addition to industry verticals, SaaS aggregators can focus on cross-industry or capability-oriented aggregation, or through other affinityoriented aggregation that will end up creating disruptive business models. 10 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Managed IaaS Providers (providers of IaaS and value-added services to address latency, data security, and unique company needs) These providers will have to make initial investments in infrastructure, thus revenues will build on a daily basis and profit will come over time. They can leverage differentiated pricing based on service level, customization requirements and security requirements. This business model will be somewhat price sensitive as offerings mature to industry standardization, and potentially approach commoditization. Also, local data security laws will support the larger players with multilocation data centers. Managed IaaS providers need to consider delivering value-added services to improve their profitability. They can charge premium pricing for services like local provisioning, premium data security measure, help desk, asset management, monitoring and other provisioning services. Strategic alliances are particularly important for creating more robust cloud services, as alliances aggregate different providers’ unique strengths. Delivering cloud services with complementary cloud service providers is better than single-handedly trying to create a complete, competitive cloud solution. Even large scale cloud providers such as IBM are often more effective at delivering cloud services when partnering and aligning with other cloud providers. Many of the new services and devices such as Net TV, Desktop as a Service or NetBook demonstrate how providers with complimentary capabilities can partner to bring out revolutionary ideas to market. Partnership Model: Communication Service Provider (CSP) and Multiple Niche Players for Central Government A large CSP delivering cloud services to the public sector has worked out an innovative partnership model of multiple niche Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) to provide best-of-breed solutions to a large European country’s central government. This allows ISVs to get access to large public sector clients, while strengthening the CSP’s offering. It benefits the ISVs, CSP and the customer. While this aggregation of service still faces integration and migration challenges, it delivers a powerful set of services otherwise unavailable to the central government. Numerous other provider types exist today, such as cloud professional services and consulting, and new ones will emerge over time, such as managed IaaS and PaaS providers. Partnering to Overcome Business Model Gaps Both cloud and traditional service providers can create more robust service offerings and differentiate themselves in the market through the formation of innovative strategic partnerships with other service providers. The critical success factors for these providers are lower total cost of ownership (TCO) to customers, simplicity of service, clear definition and delivery of service level agreements and availability of the necessary features to substitute traditional offerings. Identifying the right set of complementary services helps cloud providers be more effective at achieving these keys to success. For example, PaaS or IaaS providers could seek to partner with SaaS providers as a naturally complementary alliance. IBM Global Business Services 11 Partnership Model: CSP partners with a hosting provider to offer a development and test cloud for its customers Another CSP is partnering with a hosting provider to deliver a cloud-based development and testing environment. This offers scalability on a pay per use basis that helps the CSP’s customers. Similarly, IBM has a developer cloud for business partners to leverage. Partnership Model: Entertainment equipment and content providers partnering for hosted services Gaming console manufacturers are considering partnerships with game content developers to provide online games hosted on cloud. Similarly, mobile handset manufacturers are already partnering with developers from universities, small software firms and freelance developer groups to create cloud-based applications for their devices. This model provides a wider assortment of applications to consumers, while allowing developers to earn revenue through download charges without hefty investments in servers or software to develop applications. Handset manufacturers share the revenue from application download and internet usage, while also generating stronger customer loyalty. Partnership Implications We foresee other possible scenarios where unlikely cloud providers leverage their unique skills to complement the desired skill sets from other providers and missing capabilities from their own cloud portfolio, such as access to customers. One possibility could be software providers partnering with banks to leverage the trusted relationships banks already have with their small business customers. Differentiated user capabilities are critical to retaining customers who have very low switching costs between cloud providers. Providers are moving quickly to preempt the cannibalization that might otherwise be done by a competitor. Industry Plays for Providers Developing industry specific strategies are one option to help cloud providers differentiate themselves and become a leader in cloud service delivery. Many companies and organizations are looking for providers to deliver industry-specific business benefits through cloud computing to help them innovate. Some industries are seeing the benefits of cloud computing through the emergence of new business opportunities. The providers that tailor their offerings to industries at the forefront of cloud adoption, such as healthcare, government, and telecommunications, will have greater near term growth potential. The following represent industry examples of the types of value providers are delivering today. Healthcare Healthcare providers crave more consumable, easier ways to cost-effectively capture and store medical images and records. Some SaaS providers offer cloud-based solutions for thousands of physician groups to use on a pay-per-use basis. Doctors can focus on patient care while their cloud provider manages the technology behind the service delivery. Telecommunications Communications services providers are developing, or in some cases reselling, cloud capabilities for their customers, while also using cloud internally to deploy new business services in days rather than in months. Government In some emerging markets, central governments are using cloud computing to fuel economic growth for their country. For example, Wuxi software park in China is building cloud computing centers in their special economic zones to support emerging companies setting up their IT infrastructure at no initial cost. This arrangement offers Chinese software companies the ability to tap into a virtual computing environment to leapfrog their development activities. 12 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers Act Now, or Wait For potential cloud providers who do not face immediate threats to their existence, the choice of waiting to enter the cloud market is viable. But for potential cloud providers facing real challenges to their business models in the near term and needing to offer their services via a cloud, the time to act is now. Understanding key adoption inhibitors for their target customers will help providers position their cloud capabilities. When evaluating whether and how to enter the cloud provider market, consider these questions: Answers to these and other key questions will help potential cloud providers see through the fog. This clarity can allow cloud providers to create a fact-based business strategy for cloud that uniquely fits their business needs. As was the case in the dot-com era, many players will come and go as the cloud ecosystem evolves. The winners will be the organizations that create the right business strategy for cloud, and then execute against their business strategy most effectively. Which cloud opportunities can enable me to make new strategic choices involving new products, new services, new partnerships, etc.? What is the cost benefit analysis for each of these opportunities? For example, revenue growth from new and existing customers weighed against capital expenditures; potential profitability vs. isk assessment, etc. What are my current capabilities relative to the services I want to offer? Should I partner, buy or build the necessary competencies for offering the desired cloud services? What should my market entry strategy be in terms of segmentation, positioning and target segments? Which pricing strategy would be most profitable? What kind of operating model should I have? How should I construct my technology roadmap for cloud services, from design and planning through execution and support? IBM Global Business Services 13 Appendix Business Process Services. 7 Any business process (for example, payroll, printing, ecommerce) delivered as a service via the Internet with access via Web-centric interfaces and exploiting Web-oriented architecture. Advertising services exploiting real-time Internet-based fulfillment are included here. Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). 8 The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e. . , web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). 8 The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-c reated or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). 8 The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e. g. , host firewalls). Authors Matt Porta VP and Global Leader for the Technology Strategy Practice in IBM Global Business Services Anthony Karimi Associate Partner in the Technology Strategy Practice in IBM Global Business Services Allison Botros Principal Managing Consultant in IBM Global Business Services Acknowledgements Special thanks to contributors including Ray Harishankar, Abhinav Kashyap, and Alex Outwater. 14 Business Strategy for Cloud Providers About IBM Global Business Services With business experts in more than 160 countries, IBM Global Business Services provides clients with deep business process and industry expertise across 17 industries, using innovation to identify, create and deliver value faster. We draw on the full breadth of IBM capabilities, standing behind our advice to help clients innovate and implement solutions designed to deliver business outcomes with far-reaching impact and sustainable results. IBM Global Business Services has cloud strategy offerings to help companies address key issues associated with entering the cloud marketplace. For more information visit: ibm. com/services/cloud References 1 WinterGreen Research, Inc. , â€Å"Worldwide Cloud Computing Market Strategies, Shares and Forecasts 2009 to 2015†, July 24, 2009. 2 Information Week Analytics, â€Å"IBM’s Cloud Computing Strategy Defined†, June 22, 2009. 3 IBM insight based on client experience, 2009. 4 IDC White Paper sponsored by EMC, â€Å"As the Economy Contracts, the Digital Universe Expands†, May 2009. 5 United States Government, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. British Telecom press release â€Å"New BT cloud accounting launch to redress SME work/life imbalance† June 26, 2009; â€Å"IBM to Deliver Software via Cloud Computing With Amazon Web Services†, IBM press release, February 11, 2009; â€Å"Salesforce. com and Google Introduce Salesforce for Google Apps First Cloud Computing Suite for Business Productivity† Google and Salesforce. com joint press release, April 14, 2008. 7 Gartner, â€Å"Forecast: Sizing the Cloud; Understanding the Opportunities in Cloud Services† by Ben Pring, Robert H. Brown, Andrew Frank, Simon Hayward and Lydia Leong, March 2009. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), US Government, Working Definition of Cloud Computing, August 2009.  © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 IBM Global Services Route 100 Somers, NY 10589 U. S. A. Produced in the United States of America September 2009 All Rights Reserved IBM, the IBM logo and ibm. com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol ( ® or â„ ¢), these symbols indicate U. S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Webat â€Å"Copyright and trademark information† at ibm. com/legal/copytrade. shtml Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. References in this publication to IBM products and services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in all countries in which IBM operates. Please Recycle GBW03096-USEN-00

Impressionist Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impressionist Art - Essay Example While other movement before Impressionism attempted to capture reality as static images, the Impressionist painters, and later the composers, tried to show the nature of reality through the fluctuation and change in light, tone and color. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a group of artists united in an attempt to create a new style and technique of art based on direct observation of reality and to a subjective impression or mood of reality. This is evident from the emotional moods that are so eloquently captured in this exhibition. Many of the paintings reveal the success of their attempts and the resulting masterpieces of Impressionism. For example, Claude Monet's Haystacks is a work that no student or lover of modern art should miss. During the 1870's Monet developed his unique technique for painting atmospheric light rendered by means of rhythmic and broken brush strokes. This painting is an example of the impressionist aim of capturing transitory nature by means of direct observation. In Haystacks (1891) Monet succeeds in creating solid geometric shapes with nuances of light and color. The presentation of light and color is one of the most beautiful things about this type of art, and demonstrates the overall beauty behind this movement. Emotion in art was not a focus; rather the atmosphere and look of the painting expressed the beauty of the picture overall. Music is another medium where the beauty behind this period truly stands out. During this time period, classical music as mostly influenced in France toward the end of the nineteenth and through the twentieth century. The focus within the music was on both atmosphere and suggestion, and not necessarily on strong emotion or the presentation of a story, generally presented in program music. Much of this music, like the art, was a reaction against Romanticism, and the focus of Impressionist music was to use a sort of dissonance as well as uncommon scales. This is comparable to the impressionist style of painting, in which, when one stands close up, one sees the dissonance of the picture. However, the dissonance and difference is what creates the general attraction and beauty in the music itself. Claude DeBussy is an example of a successful Impressionist composer. His music in The Three Nocturnes includes characteristic studies in veiled harmony and texture, creating an overall atmospher e of difference, but this difference creates a feeling of respect and beauty. The work itself is not a usual nocturne, but is given to create the impression of the effects light would suggest. This includes the motion of the clouds as well, as they fade away with the sound of the music. The background of the piece remains consistent, thus blending music into a kind of cosmic rhythm. Therefore, both the works of DeBussy and Monet present the beauty behind this time period. Although this movement had its focus on creating "impressions" of the real thing, there was a great deal of beauty and talent that went into creating those impressions. The result in the case of art is a beautiful combination and focus on light within one's visual aspect, and within music, one is able to experience the feeling and movement of life by listening to music. Therefore, both of these concepts present

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